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Table 2 Investigations and treatments for headache of participants with any headache, by habitation and dwelling altitude

From: Health-care utilization for headache disorders in Nepal: a population-based door-to-door survey

 

All

Habitation

Dwelling altitude

  

Urban

Rural

p*

< 1000 m

≥1000 m

p*

 

n (%) [95% CI]

n (%) [95% CI]

Investigations in the preceding year

 All

214 (11.9)

[10.5–13.5]

75 (10.9)

[8.7–13.5]

139 (12.5)

[10.7–14.6]

0.33

106 (12.5)

[10.4–15.0]

108 (11.4)

[9.4–13.6]

0.47

 Xray of paranasal sinuses

26 (1.4)

[0.9–2.1]

5 (0.7)

[0.2–1.7]

21 (1.9)

[1.2–2.9]

0.07

12 (1.4)

[0.7–2.5]

14 (1.5)

[0.8–2.5]

0.99

 Xray of neck

7 (0.4)

[0.2–0.6]

3 (0.4)

[0.1–1.3]

4 (0.4)

[0.1–0.9]

1.0

1 (0.1)

[0.0–0.7]

6 (0.6)

[0.2–1.4]

0.13

 Brain imaging (CT or MRI)

16 (0.9)

[0.5–0.9]

7 (1.0)

[0.4–2.1]

9 (0.8)

[0.4–1.5]

0.79

9 (1.1)

[0.5–2.0]

7 (0.7)

[0.3–1.5]

0.61

 EEG

5 (0.3)

[0.1–0.5]

1 (0.1)

[0.0–0.8]

4 (0.4)

[0.1–0.9]

0.65

0 (0.0)

-

5 (0.5)

[0.2–1.2]

–

 Eye test

160 (8.9)

[7.6–10.3]

59 (8.6)

[6.6–11.0]

101 (9.1)

[7.5–11.0]

0.73

82 (9.7)

[7.8–11.9]

78 (8.2)

[6.6–10.2]

0.28

Conventional medications in the preceding month

 Overall

912 (50.8)

[48.5–53.2]

299 (43.6)

[39.8–47.4]

613 (55.3)

[52.3–58.3]

< 0.001

393 (46.5) [43.1–49.9]

519 (54.7)

[51.5–57.9]

< 0.001

 Paracetamol

682 (38.0)

[35.8–40.3]

203 (29.6)

[26.2–33.2]

479 (43.2)

[41.9–47.8]

< 0.001

250 (29.6)

[26.5–32.8]

432 (45.5)

[42.3–48.8]

< 0.001

 Ibuprofen

150 (8.4)

[7.1–9.7]

57 (8.3)

[6.4–10.6]

93 (8.4)

[6.8–10.2]

0.99

51 (5.9)

[4.5–7.9]

99 (10.4)

[8.6–12.6]

0.001

 Nimesulide

94 (5.2)

[4.3–6.4]

49 (7.1)

[5.3–9.3]

45 (4.1)

[3.0–5.4]

0.009

68 (8.0)

[6.3–10.1]

26 (2.7)

[1.8–4.0]

< 0.001

 NSAID/paracetamol combination

71 (4.0)

[3.1–5.0]

18 (2.6)

[1.6–4.1]

53 (4.8)

[3.6–6.2]

0.025

43 (5.1)

[3.7–6.8]

28 (3.0)

[2.0–4.1]

0.021

Herbal therapies in the preceding month

 Overall

185 (10.3)

[8.9–11.8]

36 (5.2)

[3.7–7.2]

149 (13.4)

[11.5–15.6]

< 0.001

63 (7.5)

[5.8–9.4]

122 (12.9) [10.8–15.2]

< 0.001

 Vicks

64 (3.6)

[2.8–4.6]

15 (2.2)

[1.2–3.6]

49 (4.4)

[3.3–5.8]

0.013

36 (4.3)

[3.0–5.8]

28 (3.0)

[3.0–4.3]

0.16

 Tulsi leaves

11 (0.6)

[0.3–1.1]

3 (0.4)

[0.1–1.3]

8 (0.7)

(0.3–1.4)

0.55

7 (0.8)

[0.3–1.7]

4 (0.4)

[0.1–1.1]

0.37

 Titepati leaves

11 (0.6)

[0.3–1.1]

3 (0.4)

[0.1–1.3]

8 (0.7)

[0.3–1.4]

0.55

2 (0.2)

[0.0–0.9]

9 (0.9)

[0.4–1.8]

0.069

  1. CI Confidence interval
  2. p*: chi-squared test
  3. Significant p-values (<0.05) are emboldened