Table 3 Studies evaluating cognitive function in migraine patients > 50 years
Migraine Phase | Cognitive Domains Affected in Migraine | Study design | Evaluation Methods | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Interictal | Executive functions | Cross sectional Subjects were recruited from primary health care centers | Digit Span Backwards, Stroop test | No significant difference between migraine patients and control subjects without headache | Martins et al., 2012 [24] |
Unspecified | Â | Cross sectional, population based | Letter Digit Substitution Test | No difference between migraine patients and control subjects regarding sustained attention and mental flexibility | Jelicic et al. 2000 [21] |
Unspecified | Â | Cross sectional, population based | Fluency Test, Symbol Digit Substitution Task, Digit Span Test | No difference between migraineurs and non-migraineurs | Gaist et al., 2005 [22] |
Unspecifieda | Â | Cross sectional, population based | Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency Test | Migraine patients performed better than participants without migraine | Wen et al., 2016 [23] |
Unspecifiedb | Â | Longitudinal, population based | Stroop Test, Letter Digit Substitution Test, MMSE | No significant difference between migraine patients and controls | Baars et al., 2010 [29] |
Unspecifiedc | Â | Longitudinal, population based | Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Trail Making Test, MMSE, Word Fluency Test | No significant difference between migraine patients and controls | Rist et al., 2011 [27] |
Unspecifiedd | Â | Longitudinal, population based | Category Fluency Task, Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (Telephone adaptation of MMSE) | No significant difference between women with migraine or a past history of migraine and women without migraine | Rist et al., 2012 [28] |
Interictal | Attention | Cross sectional Subjects were recruited from primary health care centers | Symbol Search | Migraine patients performed worse on the task of attention | Martins et al., 2012 [24] |
Interictal | Visuospatial memory | Cross sectional Subjects were recruited from primary health care centers | WMS-III Delayed Visual Memory, WMS-III Memory for Faces, Famous FacesTest. | No difference between migraine patients and controls without headache | Martins et al., 2012 [24] |
Unspecifiedc | Â | Longitudinal, population based | Raven Progressive Matrics, Benton Visual Retention Test | No significant difference between migraine patients and controls | Rist et al., 2011 [27] |
Interictal | Verbal memory | Cross sectional Subjects were recruited from primary health care centers | California Verbal Learning Test, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Vocabulary Subtest | No difference between migraine patients and controls without headache | Martins et al., 2012 [24] |
Unspecified | Â | Cross sectional, population based | Verbal learning test | Migraine had no influence on memory in young/middle-aged or older adults | Jelicic et al. 2000 [21] |
Unspecified | Â | Cross sectional, population based | Delayed Word Recall Test | No difference between migraineurs and non-migraineurs | Gaist et al., 2005 [22] |
Unspecifieda | Â | Cross sectional, population based | 15-Word Learning Test | No difference between migraine patients and controls | Wen et al., 2016 [23] |
Unspecifiedb | Â | Longitudinal, population based | Visual Verbal Learning Test, MMSE | No difference between migraine patients and controls | Baars et al., 2010 [29] |
Unspecifiede | Â | Longitudinal, population based | Modified version of Rey Verbal Learning Test, MMSE | Migraineurs showed significantly less decline over time on the tests of immediate and delayed recall compared to non-migraineurs | Kalaydjian et al., 2007 [26] |
Unspecifiedc | Â | Longitudinal, population based | Rey 15-word Memory Test, Raven Progressive Matrics | No significant difference between migraine patients and controls | Rist et al., 2011 [27] |
Unspecifiedd | Â | Longitudinal, population based | East Boston Memory Test, 10 Word List Recall, Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (Telephone adaptation of MMSE) | The risk of substantial cognitive decline in women with migraine or a past history of migraine was not increased compared to women without migraine | Rist et al., 2012 [28] |
Unspecifiedc | Recognition memory | Longitudinal, population based | Benton Facial Recognition Test | No significant difference between migraine patients and controls | Rist et al., 2011 [27] |
Unspecified | Information processing speed | Cross sectional, population based | Verbal learning test | Migraine had no influence on processing speed in young/middle-aged or older adults | Jelicic et al. 2000 [21] |
Unspecified | Â | Cross sectional, population based | Symbol Digit Substitution Task | No difference between migraineurs and non-migraineurs | Gaist et al., 2005 [22] |
Unspecifieda |  | Cross sectional, population based | Letter–digit substitution test | No difference between migraine patients and controls | Wen et al., 2016 [23] |
Unspecifiedb | Â | Longitudinal, population based | Stroop Test, Letter Digit Substitution Test | No difference between migraine patients and controls | Baars et al., 2010 [29] |
Post-ictal, interictal | Perceptual organization | Cross sectional, clinic based | Computerized global-local test | No difference between migraine patients and controls regarding perceptual organization capabilities | Koppen et al., 2011 [17] |