Table 1 The characteristics of included cohort studies in this meta-analysis
From: Headache disorder and the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Author year | Country | Study design | Sample size | Follow-up years | Gender | Age | Headache type | Dementia type | Confounders adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chuang 2013 | China | Retrospective cohort | Total: 167,340 Migraine: 33,468 No migraine: 133,872 | 12 (longest) | Male and Female | 42.2 (mean) | Migraine | All-cause dementia | Age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, depression, head injury and CAD |
Yang 2016 | China | Retrospective cohort | Total: 69540 TTH: 13,908 No TTH: 55,632 | 8.14 (average) | Male and Female | ≥20 48.9 (mean) | TTH | All-cause dementia; VaD; AD | Age, sex, diabetes, dyslipidemia, COPD, hypertension, IHD, AF, HF, stroke, depression, head injury, Parkinson’s disease and migraine |
Hagen 2013 | Norway | Prospective cohort | Total: 51,859 Any headache: 21,871 No headache: 29,988 | 15 (average) | Male and Female | ≥20 49.7 (mean) | Any headache Migraine Nonmigrainous headache | All-cause dementia; VaD; AD; Mixed dementia; VaD plus mixed dementia; Dementia with Lewy bodies; Frontotemp. dementia; Other types of dementia | Age, sex, education, total HADS score and smoking |
Morton 2012 | Canada | Prospective cohort | Total: 716 | 5 (average) | Male and Female | ≥65 | Migraine | All-cause dementia; VaD; AD | Age, sex, education, depression hypertension, diabetes, stroke, myocardial infarction and other heart conditions |
Pavlovic 2013 | USA | Prospective cohort | Total: 974 Migraine: 136 No migraine: 838 | NA | Male and Female | ≥70 | Migraine | All-cause dementia | Age, sex, education, ethnicity, APOE-e4 carrier status, pain interference and pain intensity |
Recchia 2016 | Italy | Prospective cohort | Total: 1120 | 3.9 (average) | Male and Female | ≥80 | Any headache | All-cause dementia | Age, sex and education |