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Table 1 Average fMRI activation

From: Polarity-specific modulation of pain processing by transcranial direct current stimulation – a blinded longitudinal fMRI study

MNI

X Y Z

Anatomical area

kE

T

A – Nociceptive processing

-30–58 -26

L

Cerebellar hemisphere

6763

10.22

26–58 -24

R

Cerebellar hemisphere

9.47

6–64 -16

BL

Cerebellar vermis

9.47

-38–12 56

L

Motor cortex

11,434*

9.09

-2 2 56

Suppl. Motor area /SMA

9.02

-62–20 18

Somatosensory cortex (head)

8.94

64–16 20

R

Somatosensory cortex (head)

7887†

8.82

60 12 0

Rolandic operculum

8.80

58 12 18

Frontal inf. Operculum

7.03

42 46 18

R

Dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex

331

5.67

36 50 24

5.24

-34 44 28

L

Dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex

45

5.08

-10–22 48

L

Cingulum

48

5.07

40–14 -6

R

Posterior insula

35

4.95

46–26–4

Superior temporal gyrus

4.90

52–38 -16

R

Middle temporal gyrus

46

4.89

56–48 -18

Inferior temporal gyrus

4.83

B – Visual processing

-8–88 0

BL

Calcarine gyrus

32,000‡

18.86

4–88 -2

Lingual gyrus

17.93

6–80 -2

17.31

0–54 -36

BL

Cerebellar vermis

91

7.34

50–4 54

R

Middle Frontal Gyrus

53

5.30

C – Motor processing

38–18 58

R

M1/Precentral Gyrus

2438

20.67

50–16 52

12.48

-16–50 -20

L

Cerebellar hemisphere

1502

15.62

-58–18 48

L

Pre- + Postcentral Gyrus

113

6.61

8–4 54

R

Suppl. motor cortex

226

6.52

6 0 66

5.39

-8–88 0

BL

Calcarine gyrus

800

6.47

8–98 -4

5.82

10–82 4

5.23

16–20 6

R

Thalamus

42

5.77

  1. Averaged BOLD responses (respecting all three tDC-stimulation paradigms to a third) to A nociceptive stimulation, B visual stimulation and C motor activation (incl. visual instruction); All results are whole brain Family-Wise-Error corrected (pFWE < 0.05). Fused blobs: *including activation in the thalamus, anterior and posterior insular cortex, † including activation in the thalamus, anterior insular cortex and basal ganglia. ‡ widespread bilateral activation of V1, visual thalami and downstream visual cortices. R = right, L = left, BL = bilateral, kE = cluster extend; MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute