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Table 4 Medical conditions that may induce a secondary elevation of ICP or produce symptoms that may mimic IIH (adapted from [2, 25, 66,67,68,69])

From: European Headache Federation guideline on idiopathic intracranial hypertension

1. Medical disorders that may induce a sinus vein thrombosis or that may cause a venous outflow obstruction through other mechanisms:

• Thrombophilia and other hypercoagulable conditions

• Systemic lupus erythematodes

• Infections of the middle ear or mastoid

• CNS- infections

• Increased right heart pressure with pulmonary hypertension

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Superior vena cava syndrome

• Arteriovenous fistulas

• Glomus tumour

• Tumour process that may compress parts of the venous outflow system

2. Medications

• Fluoroquinolones [70]

• Tetracycline

• Vitamin A and retinoids

• Anabolic steroids

• Withdrawal of corticosteroids (in particular after prolonged administration)

• Administration of growth hormone

• Lithium

• Nalidixic acid

• Oral contraceptives

• Levonorgestrel implant system

• Amiodarone

• Cyclosporine

• Cytarabine

3. Other medical conditions

• HIV

• Syphilis

• Borreliosis

• Varicella

• Addison’s disease

• Hypoparathyroidism

• Obstructive sleep apnoea

• Pickwickian syndrome

• Uraemia

• Severe iron deficiency anaemia

• Renal failure

• Turner syndrome

• Down syndrome