Table 1 Demographic features and vitamin D parameters of the patients with cluster headache, migraineurs, and normal controls
From: Vitamin D deficiency in patients with cluster headache: a preliminary study
|  | Cluster Headache (n = 28) | Migraine (n = 36) | Normal controls (n = 36) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 38.2 ± 8.5 | 35.1 ± 8.2 | 35.4 ± 9.1 | 0.189 |
Men (%) | 24 (85.7) | 29 (80.6) | 32 (88.9) | 0.607 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.3 ± 2.8 | 23,6 ± 3.7 | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 0.583 |
Smoking habit (%)a | Â | Â | Â | 0.133 |
 Current | 17 (63.0) | 15 (41.7) | 14 (38.9) |  |
 ex-smoker | 3 (11.1) | 2 (5.6) | 8 (22.2) |  |
 Never | 7 (25.9) | 19 (52.8) | 14 (38.9) |  |
Pain intensity, VAS | 8.5 ± 1.8 | 6.4 ± 1.7 | NA | < 0.001 |
Vitamin D deficiency (%) | 26 (92.8) | 29 (80.6) | 30 (83.3) | 0.771 |
Distribution of 25(OH)D concentration | Â | Â | Â | 0.236 |
 ≥ 30 (ng/mL) | 0 | 1 (2.8) | 2 (5.6) |  |
 20–29.9 (ng/mL) | 2 (7.2) | 6 (16.7) | 4 (11.1) |  |
 10–19.9 (ng/mL) | 23 (82.1) | 21 (58.3) | 19 (52.8) |  |
 < 10 (ng/mL) | 3 (10.7) | 8 (22.2) | 11 (30.5) |  |
Sampling seasons | Â | Â | Â | 0.349 |
 Winter to spring | 15 (53.9) | 21 (58.3) | 15 (41.7) |  |
 Summer to autumn | 13 (46.4) | 15 (41.7) | 21 (58.3) |  |