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Table 2 Multivariate regression analyses of the associations between head injury and relative headache status in HUNT3 versus HUNT2 with regard to suffering from headache only

From: Headache following head injury: a population-based longitudinal cohort study (HUNT)

  

All

Men

Women

  

Adjustment for age and sex

Complete adjustmenta

Complete adjustmenta

Complete adjustmenta

 

N

N (OR, 95% CI)

N (OR, 95% CI)

N (OR, 95% CI)

N (OR, 95% CI)

Past headache suffering

 No head injury (reference)

25,662

4474 (ref.)

4474 (ref.)

1603 (ref.)

2871 (ref.)

 Any head injury

294

49 (1.21, 0.87–1.69)

49 (1.23, 0.85–1.78)

24 (1.35, 0.82–2.21)

25 (1.06, 0.60–1.86)

 Minimal head injury

35

7 (1.15, 0.47–2.80)

7 (0.94, 0.33–2.70)

1 (0.50, 0.06–4.14)

6 (1.17, 0.33–4.18)

 Mild head injury

211

36 (1.35, 0.91–2.00)

36 (1.39, 0.89–2.15)

18 (1.53, 0.85–2.75)

18 (1.19, 0.61–2.32)

 Moderate head injury

32

5 (1.13, 0.41–3.13)

5 (1.24, 0.43–3.54)

4 (1.41, 0.44–4.49)

1 (0.93, 0.08–10.52)

Stable headache suffering

 No head injury (reference)

25,662

6223 (ref.)

6223 (ref.)

1833 (ref.)

4390 (ref.)

 Any head injury

294

80 (1.51, 1.13–2.03)

80 (1.55, 1.12–2.14)

37 (1.65, 1.06–2.56)

43 (1.37, 0.85–2.20)

 Minimal head injury

35

10 (1.20, 0.53–2.70)

10 (0.96, 0.38–2.42)

4 (1.22, 0.32–4.60)

6 (0.78, 0.21–2.86)

 Mild head injury

211

56 (1.60, 1.12–2.27)

56 (1.70, 1.15–2.50)

27 (1.91, 1.13–3.22)

29 (1.42, 0.80–2.51)

 Moderate head injury

32

9 (1.58, 0.66–3.75)

9 (1.45, 0.57–3.70)

4 (0.90, 0.24–3.34)

5 (2.54, 0.45–14.30)

New headache suffering

 No head injury (reference)

25,662

2269 (ref.)

2269 (ref.)

974 (ref.)

1295 (ref.)

 Any head injury

294

31 (1.44, 0.96–2.15)

31 (1.37, 0.88–2.15)

21 (1.89, 1.12–3.21)

10 (0.70, 0.29–1.69)

 Minimal head injury

35

1 (0.33, 0.04–2.47)

1 (0.38, 0.05–2.90)

1 (0.81, 0.10–6.75)

0 (−)

 Mild head injury

211

27 (1.86, 1.20–2.90)

27 (1.74, 1.05–2.87)

17 (2.31, 1.26–4.23)

10 (1.02, 0.41–2.52)

 Moderate head injury

32

3 (1.20, 0.34–4.22)

3 (1.30, 0.36–4.65)

3 (1.75 (0.48–6.42)

0 (−)

  1. One analysis was done with head injury as a binary variable (no head injury/any head injury) and a separate analysis was done with head injury in four categories according to head injury severity (no head injury/minimal head injury/mild head injury/moderate head injury). The head injury severity was classified according to the Head Injury Severity Scale (HISS)
  2. Reference category: Stable non-sufferer (absence of headache suffering in both surveys)
  3. Abbreviations: OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval
  4. aAnalyses are adjusted for age, sex, duration of education, daily smoking, CAGE score ≥ 1 and HADS-score