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Table 1 Overview of PACAP38 provocation studies in migraine without aura (MO) patients

From: PACAP38 in human models of primary headaches

Reference

Study design

Number of MO patients who developed migraine-like attacks

Total number of MO patients

Major findings

Schytz et al. [29]

Double-blind crossover

7

12

PACAP38 induces migraine-like attacks

Amin et al. [34]

Double-blind randomized

16

22

PACAP38-induced migraine is associated with sustained dilation of extracranial arteries

Amin et al. [44]

Double-blind crossover

18

24

PACAP38-induced migraine-like attacks is associated with altered functional cerebral connectivity

Guo et al. [49]

Double-blinded

23

32

PACAP38 induces premonitory symptoms

Guo et al. [54]

Double-blinded

23

32

PACAP38 response is not associated with high family load or risk allele status