Study | Population | Design | Sample size | Study period | Outcome of interest | Exposure | Diagnostic criteria for migraine | Confirmation of stroke diagnosis | Type of hormonal contraceptive | Quality of evidence (ACCP) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Collaborative Group, 1975 [33] | Women with stroke aged 15–44 years | Hospital-based, case-control | 430 strokes, 429 hospital controls, 451 neighborhood controls | 1969–71 | Ischemic stroke | Migraine vs no migraine | Interview; no ICHD | Yes | Estrogen ≥50 μg | C |
Tzourio, 1995 [18] | Women with stroke aged <45 years | Hospital-based, case-control | 72 strokes, 173 controls | 1990–93 | Ischemic stroke | Migraine vs no migraine | Questionnaire; ICHD | Yes | Estrogen 50 μg (14.6%), 30–40 μg (73.8%), 20 μg (6.8%), progestogen only (4.8%) | C |
Lidegaard, 1995 [36] | Women aged 15–44 years | Hospital-based, case-control | 497 ischemic strokes, 1396 controls | 1985–1989 | Ischemic stroke | Migraine vs no migraine, HC use vs non-use | Questionnaire; no ICHD | No | Estrogen 50 μg (4.5%), 30–40 μg (11.0%), progestogen only (1.5%), unspecified (1.6%) | C |
Schwartz, 1998 [34] | Women with stroke aged 18–44 years | Hospital-based, case-control | 373 strokes, 1191 controls | 1991–95 | Ischemic stroke | Migraine vs no migraine | Interview; no ICHD | Yes | Estrogen <50 μg | C |
Chang, 1999 [11] | Women with stroke aged 20–44 years | Hospital-based, case-control | 291 strokes, 736 controls | 1990–94 | Ischemic stroke | Migraine vs no migraine | Questionnaire; ICHD | Yes | Estrogen ≥50 μg and <50 μg (stratified data) | C |
Milhaud, 2001 [38] | Women with ischemic stroke | Hospital-based, cohort | 3502 ischemic strokes (130 migraineurs) | 1979–98 | NA | NA | Interview; ICHD | Yes | Not specified | C |
Nightingale, 2004 [37] | Women aged 15–49 years | Hospital-based, case-control | 190 strokes, 1129 controls | 1992–1998 | Ischemic stroke | Migraine vs no migraine, HC use vs non-use | Administrative code (GPRD); no ICHD | Yes | Not specified | C |
MacClellan, 2007 [17] | Women with ischemic stroke aged 15–49 years | Hospital-based, case-control | 386 ischemic strokes, 614 controls | 2001–03 | Ischemic stroke | Migraine with aura vs no migraine | Questionnaire; ICHD | Yes | Not specified | C |
Pezzini, 2011 [39] | Subjects with ischemic stroke aged ≤45 years | Hospital-based, cohort | 981 strokes (235 migraineurs, 50.6% women) | 2000–09 | NA | NA | Interview; ICHD | Yes | Not specified | C |
Kurth, 2016 [2] | Women aged 25–42 years at baseline | Prospective, cohort | 115,541 women | 1989–2011 | Stroke | Migraine with and without aura vs no migraine | Questionnaire; ICHD | No | Not specified | B |
Albieri, 2016 [35] | Subjects aged 25–80 years (subanalysis in women aged 25–50 years) | Retrospective, cohort | 49,711 ischemic strokes | 2003–2011 | Stroke | Triptan prescription | Administrative code (triptan prescription); No ICHD | No | Not specified | C |
Champaloux, 2017 [10] | Women aged 15–49 years | Population-based, case-control | 25,887 ischemic strokes | 2006–2012 | Ischemic stroke | Migraine with or without aura vs no migraine | Administrative code (ICD-9-CM); Nno ICHD |  | Not specified | C |