From: Perceived stress in patients with migraine: a case-control study
Mean ± SD (range) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Migraine patients | Episodic migraine | Chronic migraine | Healthy controls | |
(n = 227) | (n = 124) | (n = 103) | (n = 170) | |
PSS | 18.6 ± 6.3 (6–36)c | 17.1 ± 6.2 (6–34) | 20.5 ± 5.8 (7–36)c,* | 15.9 ± 5.5 (0–29) |
PHQ-9 | 6.8 ± 5.5 (0–27)c | 5.6 ± 5.0 (0–20)b | 8.3 ± 5.7 (0–27)c | 3.7 ± 4.3 (0–18) |
GAD-7 | 5.3 ± 5.1 (0–21)c | 4.4 ± 4.8 (0–19)a | 6.3 ± 5.4 (0–21)c | 3.3 ± 3.5 (0–19) |