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Table 1 Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics of the participants

From: Perceived stress in patients with migraine: a case-control study

Characteristic

Mean ± SD (range) or number (%)

P value*

Patients with migraine (n = 227)

Controls (n = 170)

Age, years

42.4 ± 12.5 (18–68)

40.8 ± 11.5 (19–70)

0.182

Gender, female

190 (83.7)

135 (79.4)

0.294

Education, years

12.7 ± 3.1 (6–20)

15.0 ± 2.4 (6–20)

<0.001

Employment, yes

134 (59.0)

109 (64.1)

0.349

Household income, at least 3 million KRW/month

165 (72.7)

130 (76.5)

0.418

Body mass index

22.7 ± 3.2 (16.9–35.9)

22.9 ± 3.7 (15.2–40.1)

0.422

Concurrent medical disease, yes

102 (44.9)

  

Type of migraine

 Migraine with aura

19 (8.4)

  

 Migraine without aura

208 (91.6)

  

Migraine chronicity, CM

103 (45.4)

  

Age at onset, years

31.1 ± 12.3 (10–60)

  

Duration of migraine, years

11.3 ± 9.2 (0.3–42)

  

VAS

1.8 ± 2.4 (0–10)

  

Medication overuse headache

27 (11.9)

  

Family history of migraine

139 (61.2)

  

Associated symptoms

 Nausea/vomiting

193 (85)

  

 Photophobia

104 (45.8)

  

 Phonophobia

141 (62.1)

  

 Osmophobia

103 (45.4)

  

 Allodynia

40 (17.6)

  

MIDAS

24.7 ± 28.9 (0–181)

  

ESS

6.0 ± 4.2 (0–18)

  

ISI

9.0 ± 6.2 (0–26)

  

MSQ

 Role Function-Restrictive

58.0 ± 24.0 (0–100)

  

 Role Function-Preventive

69.8 ± 24.0 (0–100)

  

 Emotional Function

73.5 ± 25.4 (0–100)

  
  1. KRW Korean Won, CM chronic migraine, VAS Visual Analog Scale, MIDAS Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, MSQ Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire Version 2.1, ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ISI Insomnia Severity Index
  2. *Independent t test or Chi-square test was applied