From: Perceived stress in patients with migraine: a case-control study
Characteristic | Mean ± SD (range) or number (%) | P value* | |
---|---|---|---|
Patients with migraine (n = 227) | Controls (n = 170) | ||
Age, years | 42.4 ± 12.5 (18–68) | 40.8 ± 11.5 (19–70) | 0.182 |
Gender, female | 190 (83.7) | 135 (79.4) | 0.294 |
Education, years | 12.7 ± 3.1 (6–20) | 15.0 ± 2.4 (6–20) | <0.001 |
Employment, yes | 134 (59.0) | 109 (64.1) | 0.349 |
Household income, at least 3 million KRW/month | 165 (72.7) | 130 (76.5) | 0.418 |
Body mass index | 22.7 ± 3.2 (16.9–35.9) | 22.9 ± 3.7 (15.2–40.1) | 0.422 |
Concurrent medical disease, yes | 102 (44.9) | ||
Type of migraine | |||
Migraine with aura | 19 (8.4) | ||
Migraine without aura | 208 (91.6) | ||
Migraine chronicity, CM | 103 (45.4) | ||
Age at onset, years | 31.1 ± 12.3 (10–60) | ||
Duration of migraine, years | 11.3 ± 9.2 (0.3–42) | ||
VAS | 1.8 ± 2.4 (0–10) | ||
Medication overuse headache | 27 (11.9) | ||
Family history of migraine | 139 (61.2) | ||
Associated symptoms | |||
Nausea/vomiting | 193 (85) | ||
Photophobia | 104 (45.8) | ||
Phonophobia | 141 (62.1) | ||
Osmophobia | 103 (45.4) | ||
Allodynia | 40 (17.6) | ||
MIDAS | 24.7 ± 28.9 (0–181) | ||
ESS | 6.0 ± 4.2 (0–18) | ||
ISI | 9.0 ± 6.2 (0–26) | ||
MSQ | |||
Role Function-Restrictive | 58.0 ± 24.0 (0–100) | ||
Role Function-Preventive | 69.8 ± 24.0 (0–100) | ||
Emotional Function | 73.5 ± 25.4 (0–100) |