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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of propensity score-matched subjects

From: Post-traumatic headache in patients with minimal traumatic intracranial hemorrhage after traumatic brain injury: a retrospective matched case-control study

 

mTIH (n = 57)

non-mTIH (n = 57)

p value

Age (mean ± SD)

34.7 ± 11.2

34.4 ± 11.9

0.916

Female (n, %)

25 (43.9)

26 (45.6)

0.864

Initial GCS score (n, %)

0.838

 15

25 (43.9)

27 (47.4)

 

 14

21 (36.8)

21 (36.8)

 

 13

11 (19.3)

9 (15.8)

 

Cause of traumatic brain injury (n, %)

0.782

 Motor vehicle accident

34 (59.6)

33 (57.9)

 

 Fall from height

12 (21.1)

12 (21.1)

 

 Direct hit on the head

11 (19.3)

12 (21.1)

 

Mechanism of traumatic brain injury (n, %)

0.705

 Whiplash

7 (12.3)

9 (15.8)

 

 Head being struck

11 (19.3)

12 (21.1)

 

 Head striking an object

39 (68.4)

36 (63.2)

 

Type of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (n, %)

-

 Subarachnoid

39 (68.4)

-

 

 Contusional

2 (3.5)

-

 

 Epidural

17 (29.8)

-

 

 Subdural

28 (49.1)

-

 

 Intraventricular

4 (7.0)

-

 

Loss of consciousness (n, %)

39 (68.4)

23 (42.6)

0.046

Vomiting (n, %)

19 (33.3)

13 (22.8)

0.194

Tinnitus (n, %)

4 (7.0)

7 (12.3)

0.341

Visual symptoms (n, %)

5 (8.8)

3 (5.3)

0.436

Confusion (n, %)

13 (22.8)

9 (15.8)

0.208

Post-traumatic amnesia (n, %)

15 (26.3)

10 (17.5)

0.145

Post-traumatic seizure (n, %)

6 (10.5)

1 (1.8)

0.005

Previously diagnosed headache (n, %)

9 (15.8)

14 (24.6)

0.172

Antiplatelet agent (n, %)

4 (7.0)

5 (8.8)

0.734

Anticoagulant (n, %)

1 (1.8)

0 (0)

0.681

Initial headache intensity (n, %)

  

0.079

 Mild (NRS 0–3)

14 (24.6)

19 (33.3)

 

 Moderate-to-Severe (NRS 4–10)

43 (75.4)

38 (66.7)

 

PTH at 12-month follow-up (n, %)

0.012

 Mild (NRS 0–3)

40 (70.2)

49 (86.0)

 

 Moderate-to-Severe (NRS 4–10)

17 (29.8)

8 (14.0)

 
  1. Abbreviations: GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, mTIH minimal traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, NRS numeric rating scale, PTH post-traumatic headache, SD standard deviation