Level of physical activity, well-being, stress and self-rated health in persons with migraine and co-existing tension-type headache and neck pain

Table 2 Odds ratios of co-existing M, TTH and NP and health-related variables controlled for educational attainment

	OR^a (95% CI)	p value	OR^b (95% CI)	p value
Physical activity^c
High	Ref		Ref
Moderate	2.5 (1.28 – 4.91)	0.007	2.7 (1.35 – 5.36)	0.005
Low	4.7 (1.79 – 12.55)	0.002	4.4 (1.62 – 11.72)	0.004
Missing, n	16
Psychological well-being ≤ 50^d
No	Ref		Ref
Yes	8.8 (4.19 – 18.36)	<0.001	9.3 (9.35 – 19.86)	<0.001
Missing, n	1
Stress^e
Low	Ref		Ref
Moderate	1.8 (0.89 – 3.73)	0.103	1.6 (0.74 – 3.32)	0.238
High	5.2 (2.48 – 10.96)	<0.001	6.0 (2.78 – 12.98)	<0.001
Missing	1
Poor self-rated health^f
No	Ref		Ref
Yes	39.2 (13.32 – 115.15)	<0.001	37.7 (12.77 – 111.52)	<0.001

The analyses were conducted by binary logistic regression and estimated as OR and 95% CI
CI confidence interval, M migraine, NP neck pain, OR odds ratio, Ref reference value, TTH tension-type headache
^aOR = unadjusted
^bOR = adjusted for educational attainment
^cAssessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short form) low, moderate and high physical activity was based on time and energy expenditure in the past 7 days
^dAssessed using the World Health Organisation five-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) sum score from 0 to 100; sores ≤ 50 indicate poor psychological well-being
^eAssessed using stress scores with end-points 0 = no stress at all and 10 = very high degree of stress; scores 0–3 = low, scores 4–6 = moderate, scores 7–10 = high stress
^fAssessed using self-rated health with end-points 1 = very poor to 5 = very good; scores 1–3 indicated poor self-rated health

ISSN: 1129-2377