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Table 2 Comparison of characteristics between WMLs positive and negative group

From: The relationship between right-to-left shunt and brain white matter lesions in Japanese patients with migraine: a single center study

Characteristics

WMLs (+) (n = 24)

WMLs (−) (n = 83)

p value

RLs positive, n (%)

18 (75.0)

39 (47.0)

0.015

PFO, n (%)

15 (62.5)

31 (37.3)

0.028

Large shunt, n (%)

5 (20.8)

8 (9.6)

0.139

Age, median (range), years

46.5 (24–74)

36.0 (14–65)

<0.001

Sex, male, n (%)

0 (0)

6 (7.2)

0.175

Migraine with aura (MA), n (%)

15 (62.5)

44 (53.0)

0.410

Hypertension, n (%)

2 (8.3)

6 (7.3)

0.856

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

1 (4.2)

2 (2.4)

0.646

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

2 (8.3)

9 (10.8)

0.721

Smoking, n (%)

1 (4.2)

6 (7.2)

0.593

Family history of migraine, n (%)

16 (66.7)

55 (66.3)

0.971

Photophobia, n (%)

19 (79.2)

62 (74.7)

0.653

Phonophobia, n (%)

18 (75.0)

61 (73.5)

0.882

Hypersensitivity to smell, n (%)

15 (62.5)

45 (54.2)

0.471

Altered taste, n (%)

5 (20.8)

6 (7.2)

0.053

Allodynia, n (%)

2 (8.3)

5 (6.0)

0.687

Duration of migraine, median (range) years

29.5 (0–52)

17.0 (0–51)

0.001

Onset age of migraine, median (range), years

17.5 (9–37)

18.0 (4–40)

0.625

  1. MA Migraine with aura, MWOA Migraine without aura, RLs right-to-left shunt, WMLs white matter lesions, NS not significant
  2. Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U test
  3. <0.05 is significantly italicize