Genetic and biochemical changes of the serotonergic system in migraine pathobiology

Table 5 Biochemical studies of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the urine of migraine patients and controls

Reference	Migraine classification	Controls/cases	Sample tested	Levels	Controls/cases	Sample tested	Levels
(Sicuteri et al., 1961) [17]	Not reported	Controls: 15	Urine
(Sicuteri et al., 1961) [17]	Not reported	M: 15		↑
(Curran et al., 1965) [187]	Not reported	Controls: 10	Urine		Controls: 21	Plasma
(Curran et al., 1965) [187]	Not reported	M: 18		↑	M: 11		↓
(Curzon et al., 1966) [149]	Not reported	Controls: 4	Urine
(Curzon et al., 1966) [149]	Not reported	M: 9		=
(Kangasni et al., 1972) [149]	Not reported	Controls: 6	Urine		Controls: 6	CSF
(Kangasni et al., 1972) [149]	Not reported	M: 9		↑	M: 14		↑
(Deanovic et al., 1975) [190]	(Headache, 1962) [193]	Controls: 4	Urine
(Deanovic et al., 1975) [190]	(Headache, 1962) [193]	M: 14		↑
(Bousser et al., 1986) [191]	(Headache, 1970) [194]	Controls: 33	Urine
(Bousser et al., 1986) [191]	(Headache, 1970) [194]	M: 44		↓
(Milovanovic et al., 1999) [186]	(ICHD-I, 1988) [195]	Controls: 11	Urine		Controls: 5	Plasma
		M: 8		↓	M: 5		↑
		TTH: 10		↓	TTH: 7

M migraine, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, TTH Tension-Type Headache; ↑ Increase; ↓ Decrease; = Unchanged

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