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Table 2 TMD diagnoses (prevalence), TMD pain presence (S-TMD pain), duration (months and prevalence for different durations), frequency (prevalence) and intensity (0–10; current and worst as well as average during the last 6 months), headache and oral parafunctions in 456 children/adolescents from a general population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Figures show frequencies (%) unless other is stated

From: Prevalence of diagnosed temporomandibular disorders among Saudi Arabian children and adolescents

 

TMD

 

Non-TMD

All

Myofascial Pain

Arthralgia

OA

DDWR

 

n = 124

Ia. n = 71

Ib. n = 14

n = 22

n = 12

n = 32

n = 332

Diagnoses

Age-group 10–13

46.8

50.7

42.9

45.4

66.7

31.2

53.3

Age-group 14–18

53.2

49.3

57.1

54.6

33.3

68.8

46.7

TMD pain

Presence

71.8

93.0

100

59.1

25.0

46.9

17.5

Duration (mean (SD))

14.5 (12.6)

15.1 (12.9)

18.1 (13)

13.4 (11.2)

10.0 (7.2)

12.5 (13.4)

12.0 (12.5)

  ≤1 month

7.4

10.3

0

9.1

0

0

25.5

  2–6 months

27.2

19.0

21.4

31.8

33.3

53.1

27.5

  >6 months

65.4

70.7

78.6

59.1

66.7

46.9

47.0

Frequency

  Recurrent

86.1

88.8

85.7

61.5

100

85.7

82.5

  Persistent

8.1

5.6

14.3

23.1

0

14.3

0

  One time

5.8

5.6

0

15.4

0

0

17.5

Intensity (median (IQR))

  Current

2.0 (5.0)

1.0 (5.0)

3.0 (6.0)

5.0 (4.0)

3.0 (9.0)

2.0 (5.0)

0 (5.0)

  Worst

7.0 (3.0)

7.0 (3.5)

8.0 (1.0)

8.0 (2.0)

8.0 (4.0)

7.0 (4.0)

5.0 (6.0)

  Average

5.0 (3.0)

5.0 (3.0)

7.0 (3.0)

5.0 (3.0)

8.0 (4.0)

5.0 (4.0)

3.0 (5.0)

Headache

39.8

53.5

50.0

19.0

16.7

35.5

8.2

Oral parafunctions

Clenching (daytime)

16.1

22.5

21.4

9.1

0

3.1

9.0

Grinding (nighttime)

3.

1.4

7.14

13.6

0

12.5

2.4

Other a

49.2

50.7

64.3

54.6

33.3

46.9

44.0

  1. Ia. Myofascial pain, Ib. Myofascial pain with limited opening, DDWR Disc displacement with reduction
  2. S-TMD-pain Positive answer on any of the 2 validated questions; 1) “Do you have pain in the temple, face, temporomandibular joint, or jaws once a week or more?” 2) “Do you have pain when you open your mouth wide or chew once a week or more?” [2, 16]
  3. SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range (the 75th percentile minus the 25th percentile)
  4. a Other = Mouth breathing, thumb sucking, nail biting, or tongue thrusting
  5. The bold figures denote significant differences to the Non-TMD group (Chi-two test, p < 0.05)