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Fig. 5 | The Journal of Headache and Pain

Fig. 5

From: Cervical non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for preventive and acute treatment of episodic and chronic migraine and migraine-associated sleep disturbance: preliminary findings from a prospective observational cohort study

Fig. 5

Migraine disability and migraine-associated comorbidities. Abbreviations: BDI Beck Depression Inventory, CM chronic migraine, EM episodic migraine, IQR interquartile range, MIDAS Migraine Disability Assessment, nVNS non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SEM standard error of the mean. MIDAS (a), BDI (b), and PSQI (c) scores at baseline (blue bars) and after 3 months of nVNS treatment (orange bars) in all patients, patients with EM, and patients with CM. Data are shown as median (IQR) for MIDAS and PSQI (whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values) and as mean ± SEM for BDI

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The Journal of Headache and Pain

ISSN: 1129-2377

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