Table 4 Comparison of heart rate and heart rate variability parameters during the paced breathing test between controls and migraine patients
Parameter | Block | Migraine (n = 22) Mean ± SD | Control (n =25) Mean ± SD | Main effect of block | Main effect of group | Interaction block*group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VC [%] | Baseline | 8.69 ± 4.85 | 9.10 ± 3.83 | F [2,44] = 27.7 p < 0.001 | F [1] = 0.3 p = 0.60 | F [2,44] = 0.2 p = 0.83 |
Paced breathing | 11.46 ± 5.10 | 12.37 ± 3.84 | ||||
Recovery | 8.83 ± 4.73 | 9.42 ± 3.55 | ||||
RMSSD [ms] | Baseline | 86.27 ± 69.69 | 96.07 ± 65.66 | F [2,44] = 0.113 p = 0.89 | F [1] = 0.4 p = 0.56 | F [2,44] = 0.4 p = 0.69 |
Paced breathing | 82.75 ± 57.25 | 97.71 ± 60.28 | ||||
Recovery | 85.84 ± 70.83 | 93.86 ± 66.38 | ||||
VLF power [ms2] | Baseline | 77 ± 111 | 72 ± 83 | F [2,44] = 25.6 p < 0.001 | F [1] = 0.04 p = 0.85 | F [2,44] = 0.06 p = 0.94 |
Paced breathing | 215 ± 235 | 200 ± 134 | ||||
Recovery | 78 ± 109 | 78 ± 77 | ||||
LF power [ms2] | Baseline | 3450 ± 4011 | 3467 ± 3738 | F [2,44] = 25.7 p < 0.001 | F [1] = 0.001 p = 0.98 | F [2,44] = 0.06 p = 0.94 |
Paced breathing | 10354 ± 9916 | 10600 ± 6637 | ||||
Recovery | 4369 ± 5454 | 4215 ± 3937 | ||||
HF power [ms2] | Baseline | 4252 ± 7822 | 4457 ± 6130 | F [2,44] = 6.6 p = 0.003 | F [1] = 0.08 p = 0.78 | F [2,44] = 0.3 p = 0.77 |
Paced breathing | 2043 ± 3378 | 2296 ± 3335 | ||||
Recovery | 3323 ± 5754 | 4166 ± 6971 | ||||
LF/HF | Baseline | 1.46 ± 1.35 | 1.43 ± 1.19 | F [2,44] = 25.1 p < 0.001 | F [1] = 0.01 p = 0.92 | F [2,44] = 1.3 p = 0.29 |
Paced breathing | 13.58 ± 14.11 | 13.46 ± 11.49 | ||||
Recovery | 1.81 ± 1.57 | 2.36 ± 2.40 | ||||
E/I | Paced breathing | 1.37 ± 0.20 | 1.38 ± 0.17 | - | T [44] = 0.2 p = 0.82 | - |
HR [bpm] | Baseline | 65.86 ± 7.45 | 62.28 ± 8.34 | F [2,44] = 4.7 p = 0.014 | F [1] = 3.1 p = 0.09 | F [2,44] = 0.6 p = 0.58 |
Paced breathing | 67.12 ± 7.00 | 62.77 ± 8.27 | ||||
Recovery | 65.84 ± 7.15 | 61.91 ± 8.39 |