Table 3 Comparison of clinical features of patients with and without sleep apnoea headache

Age (years)

50.4 ± 10.6

55.4 ± 11.6

0.028

49.3 ± 10.1

55.9 ± 11.6

0.0012

BMI (kg/m²)

31.7 ± 10.0

28.2 ± 7.3

0.084

31.5 ± 9.0

28.1 ± 7.4

0.011

Sex (M/F)

21/8

169/37

0.22

30/9

160/36

0.50

Education (years)

14.6 ± 2.9

13.3 ± 2.7

0.028

14.8 ± 3.4

13.2 ± 2.6

0.0073

Caffeine (cup/day)

2.6 ± 1.9

2.9 ± 2.6

0.54

2.7 ± 1.8

2.9 ± 2.6

0.73

Smoking, n (%)

0.28

0.17

 Never

9 (31.0)

87 (42.2)

13 (33.3)

83 (42.3)

 Past

12 (41.4)

85 (41.3)

15 (38.5)

82 (41.8)

 Current

8 (27.6)

34 (16.5)

11 (28.2)

31 (15.8)

Alcohol, n (%)

0.040

0.0057

 Never

8 (27.6)

70 (34.0)

11 (28.2)

67 (34.2)

  < 1 day/week

14 (48.3)

50 (24.3)

19 (48.7)

45 (23.0)

 1-2 days/week

4 (13.8)

22 (10.7)

5 (12.8)

21 (10.7)

 3-5 days/week

2 (6.9)

27 (13.1)

3 (7.7)

26 (13.3)

 6-7 days/week

1 (3.4)

37 (18.0)

1 (2.6)

37 (18.9)

AHI (/h) (before CPAP treatment)

51.6 ± 22.6

55.3 ± 25.2

0.46

56.6 ± 24.9

54.5 ± 24.9

0.63

3 % ODI (/h)

41.5 ± 23.7

45.4 ± 26.6

0.47

46.9 ± 26.7

44.5 ± 26.2

0.61

Arousal index (/h)

47.0 ± 17.5

56.1 ± 48.1

0.41

51.3 ± 20.6

55.7 ± 48.9

0.66

Morning headache

29 (100)

19 (9.2)

<0.001

39 (100)

9 (4.6)

<0.001

ESS (before CPAP treatment)

8.7 ± 4.7

8.5 ± 5.2

0.88

8.6 ± 4.6

8.5 ± 5.3

0.90

PSQI global score

5.8 ± 2.6

5.1 ± 3.1

0.23

5.9 ± 2.9

5.0 ± 3.0

0.085

PSQI component score

C1, Sleep quality

1.4 ± 0.6

1.1 ± 0.7

0.052

1.3 ± 0.7

1.1 ± 0.7

0.064

C2, Sleep latency

0.8 ± 1.0

0.6 ± 0.9

0.52

0.8 ± 1.0

0.6 ± 0.9

0.28

C3, Sleep duration

1.4 ± 0.9

1.1 ± 0.9

0.055

1.4 ± 0.9

1.1 ± 0.9

0.062

C4, Habitual sleep efficiency

0.3 ± 0.7

0.2 ± 0.7

0.48

0.3 ± 0.6

0.2 ± 0.7

0.80

C5, Sleep disturbances

1.0 ± 0.6

0.9 ± 0.5

0.20

0.9 ± 0.6

0.9 ± 0.5

0.39

C6, Use of sleeping medication

0.3 ± 0.8

0.4 ± 1.0

0.54

0.5 ± 1.0

0.4 ± 1.0

0.51

C7, Daytime dysfunction

0.7 ± 0.8

0.7 ± 0.9

0.62

0.7 ± 0.8

0.7 ± 0.9

0.93

BDI-II

11.4 ± 6.9

9.1 ± 7.3

0.10

11.5 ± 7.1

8.9 ± 7.3

0.042

Residual AHI after CPAP treatment (/h)^a

3.5 ± 2.3

3.7 ± 2.5

0.67

3.6 ± 2.5

3.7 ± 2.4

0.88

CPAP responders (residual AHI < 10), n (%)

29 (100)

202 (98.1)

1.0

38 (97.4)

193 (98.5)

0.65

CPAP treatment period (/m)

29.0 ± 29.4

36.4 ± 29.0

0.20

29.2 ± 28

36.8 ± 29.2

0.14

Daily CPAP use (h)

5:03 ± 1:24

5:04 ± 1:38

0.98

4:45 ± 1:33

5:07 ± 1:36

0.19

CPAP usage > 4 h/d, n (%)

16 (55.2)

106 (51.5)

0.71

19 (48.7)

103 (52.6)

0.66