Table 2 Main characteristics of the studies fulfilling only broad inclusion criteria (no definition of body mass index categories according to the World Health Organization criteria)
Study | Country | Design (population) | Period of inclusion | Age range (years) | Women (%) | Exposure(s) | Outcome(s) of interest | BMI categories | Migraineurs (n, %) | Underweight (n, %) | Pre-obese (n, %) | Obese (n, %) | Type of effect estimate | Confounders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Queiroz, 2009 [48] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | 2006-2007 | 18-79 | 60.0 | Pre-obesity, obesity | Any migraine | <25; 25.0-29.9; ≥30.0 | 627 (15.2) | - | 1,147 (29.8) | 484 (12.6) | PR | Gender, age, education level, marital status, household income, job status, physical activity |
Winter, 2009 [49] | USA | Cross-sectional* (WHS) | 1992-1995 | ≥45 | 100.0 | Obesity | Active migraine | <23.0; 23.0-24.9; 25.0-26.9; 27.0-29.9; 30.0-34.9; ≥35.0 | 9,195 (14.5) | - | - | 1,206 (13.1) | OR | Age, smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, postmenopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, history of elevated cholesterol |
Winter, 2011 [50] | Germany | Cross-sectional (DHS, KORA, SHIP) | NR (DHS); 1994-1995 (KORA); 1997-2001 (SHIP) | 25-75 (DHS); 35-75 (KORA); 25-88 (SHIP) | 52.9 (DHS); 52.2 (KORA); 51.9 (SHIP) | Pre-obesity, obesity | Complete migraine | <25; 25.0-29.9; ≥30.0 | 91 (8.5) [DHS]; 222 (7.9) [KORA]; 114 (4.3) [SHIP] | - | NR | NR | OR | Age, gender |
Yu, 2012 [51] | China | Cross-sectional | 2009 | 18-65 | 49.2 | Underweight, pre-obesity†, obesity† | Any migraine | <18.5; 18.5-22.9; 23.0-24.9; 25.0-29.9; ≥30.0 | 467 (9.3) | 262 (5.2) | 1,044 (20.8) | 190 (3.8) | OR | Age, gender, habitation, marital status, occupation, education level |