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Table 4 Headache frequency in relation to levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms and behavioral problems among adolescents aged 12–14 years

From: Anxiety, depression and behavioral problems among adolescents with recurrent headache: the Young-HUNT study

 

Headache < monthly

Headache monthly

Headache weekly or daily

(yes = 97, no = 1428)

(yes = 269, no = 1428)

(yes = 133, no = 1428)

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Step 1

      

  Symptoms of anxiety and depression

1.37 (0.86-2.20)

ns

1.91 (1.43-2.55)

<0.001

3.39 (2.44-4.73)

<0.001

Step 2

      

  Symptoms of anxiety and depression

1.50 (0.91-2.46)

ns

1.82 (1.34-2.47)

<0.001

2.98 (2.08-4.26)

<0.001

  Attention difficulties

0.84 (0.58-1.21)

ns

1.13 (0.90-1.41)

ns

1.33 (1.00-1.76)

0.049

Step 3

      

  Symptoms of anxiety and depression

1.50 (0.91-2.46)

ns

1.81 (1.33-2.46)

<0.001

2.99 (2.08-4.28)

<0.001

  Attention difficulties

0.87 (0.59-1.30)

ns

1.10 (0.87-1.40)

ns

1.34 (0.99-1.81)

ns

  Conduct difficulties

0.82 (0.42-1.61)

ns

1.10 (0.72-1.66)

ns

0.97 (0.58-1.65)

ns

  1. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval; OR odds ratio; ns non significant.
  2. The analyses were adjusted for sex and single parenthood.