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Table 2 Associations of recurrent headache and headache diagnoses with symptoms of anxiety and depression and behavioral problems among adolescents aged 12 to 14 years

From: Anxiety, depression and behavioral problems among adolescents with recurrent headache: the Young-HUNT study

 

Recurrent headache

Migraine

Tension-type headache

Non-classifiable headache

(yes = 526, no =1428))

(yes = 136, no = 1428)

(yes = 321, no = 1428)

(yes = 69, no = 1428)

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Step 1

        

  Symptoms of anxiety and depression

2.15 (1.71-2.70)

<0.001

1.69 (1.15-2.49)

0.007

2.20 (1.69-2.85)

<0.001

2.49 (1.58-3.91)

<0.001

Step 2

        

  Symptoms of anxiety and depression

2.05 (1.61-2.61)

<0.001

1.61 (1.07-2.42)

0.023

2.13 (1.62-2.82)

ns

2.22 (1.35-3.64)

0.002

  Attention difficulties

1.11 (0.93-1.31)

ns

1.13 (0.84-1.51)

ns

1.07 (0.87-1.31)

ns

1.26 (0.86-1.86)

ns

Step 3

        

  Symptoms of anxiety and depression

2.05 (1.61-2.61)

<0.001

1.60 (1.06-2.41)

0.024

2.12 (1.61-2.80)

<0.001

2.24 (1.36-3.69)

0.002

  Attention difficulties

1.10 (0.92-1.32)

ns

1.10 (0.80-1.51)

ns

1.05 (0.84-1.31)

ns

1.38 (0.91-2.09)

ns

  Conduct difficulties

1.02 (0.75-1.40)

ns

1.11 (0.65-1.92)

ns

1.09 (0.75-1.59)

ns

0.64 (0.29-1.36)

ns

  1. Abbreviations: OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; ns non significant.
  2. All analyses are adjusted for sex and single parenthood.