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Table 7 Clinical characteristics of CH from different regions in the world

From: Clinical profile of cluster headaches in China – a clinic-based study

 

UK [5] 2002

Germany [6] 2006

Germany [7] 2012

Italy [9]2005

USA [13] 2012

Japan [15] 2011

Taiwan [14] 2004

Mainland China

M:F Ratio

2.5:1

3.5:1

3.4 :1

1.3:1

2.6:1

3.8: 1

6.4: 1

7:1

CCH (%)

21%

16.7%

31.1%

19%

--

3.5%

0

7.5%

Mean age at onset (yrs)

28.4 (ECH) 37 (CCH)

--

31.6

35.7

21-30

31.0

26.9

26.7

Family history of CH

5%

--

--

--

18%

--

5.8%

6.7%

Common sites of pain

Retro-orbital, temporal, upper

teeth

--

Peri-orbital, occipital, orofacial

--

Retro-orbital, upper teeth, jaw

Retro-orbital, temporal, occipital

Temporal, retro-orbital, occipital

Temporal, retro-orbital, forehead

Predominant laterality

Right

--

--

--

Right

Right

Right

Right

Most cranial autonomic features

Lacrimation (91%)

--

Conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation

--

Lacrimation (91%)

Lacrimation (66.3%)

Lacrimation (83%)

Lacrimation (72.5%)

Most additional features

Photophobia (56%)

Photophobia/Phonophobia (61.2%)

Photophobia/Phonophobia (73.2%)

--

Photophobia (48%)

Nausea (39.5%)

Phonophobia (58%)

Nausea (60.0)%

Sense of agitation or restlessness

93%

67.9%

83%

--

99.2%

69.8%

51%

38.3%

Aura

14%

23%

--

--

21%

--

1%

0

Most common duration of attacks

72-159 min

45-180 min (67.9%)

98 ± 75

--

--

From 1 h to less than 2 h (46.5%)

From 1 h to less than 2 h (34%)

From 1 h to less than 2 h (39.2%)

Most common attack time

Nocturnally (73%)

--

Nocturnally

--

Between 12 am and 3 am

Nocturnally(47.7%)

Midnight (28%), afternoon (27%)

Between 7 am and 10 am, 2 pm and 4 pm

Seasonal propensity

Spring and Autumn

--

Spring

--

Oct., Sep., Apr., Mar. and Nov.

--

Dec., Mar.

Spring

  1. CH: cluster headache; CCH: chronic cluster headache; ECH: episodic cluster headache; ※: Peak age onset (36%).