From: Clinical profile of cluster headaches in China – a clinic-based study
UK [5] 2002 | Germany [6] 2006 | Germany [7] 2012 | Italy [9]2005 | USA [13] 2012 | Japan [15] 2011 | Taiwan [14] 2004 | Mainland China | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M:F Ratio | 2.5:1 | 3.5:1 | 3.4 :1 | 1.3:1 | 2.6:1 | 3.8: 1 | 6.4: 1 | 7:1 |
CCH (%) | 21% | 16.7% | 31.1% | 19% | -- | 3.5% | 0 | 7.5% |
Mean age at onset (yrs) | 28.4 (ECH) 37 (CCH) | -- | 31.6 | 35.7 | 21-30※ | 31.0 | 26.9 | 26.7 |
Family history of CH | 5% | -- | -- | -- | 18% | -- | 5.8% | 6.7% |
Common sites of pain | Retro-orbital, temporal, upper teeth | -- | Peri-orbital, occipital, orofacial | -- | Retro-orbital, upper teeth, jaw | Retro-orbital, temporal, occipital | Temporal, retro-orbital, occipital | Temporal, retro-orbital, forehead |
Predominant laterality | Right | -- | -- | -- | Right | Right | Right | Right |
Most cranial autonomic features | Lacrimation (91%) | -- | Conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation | -- | Lacrimation (91%) | Lacrimation (66.3%) | Lacrimation (83%) | Lacrimation (72.5%) |
Most additional features | Photophobia (56%) | Photophobia/Phonophobia (61.2%) | Photophobia/Phonophobia (73.2%) | -- | Photophobia (48%) | Nausea (39.5%) | Phonophobia (58%) | Nausea (60.0)% |
Sense of agitation or restlessness | 93% | 67.9% | 83% | -- | 99.2% | 69.8% | 51% | 38.3% |
Aura | 14% | 23% | -- | -- | 21% | -- | 1% | 0 |
Most common duration of attacks | 72-159 min | 45-180 min (67.9%) | 98 ± 75 | -- | -- | From 1 h to less than 2 h (46.5%) | From 1 h to less than 2 h (34%) | From 1 h to less than 2 h (39.2%) |
Most common attack time | Nocturnally (73%) | -- | Nocturnally | -- | Between 12 am and 3 am | Nocturnally(47.7%) | Midnight (28%), afternoon (27%) | Between 7 am and 10 am, 2 pm and 4 pm |
Seasonal propensity | Spring and Autumn | -- | Spring | -- | Oct., Sep., Apr., Mar. and Nov. | -- | Dec., Mar. | Spring |