Sleep quality, arousal and pain thresholds in migraineurs: a blinded controlled polysomnographic study

Table 2 Sleep diary and sleep related symptom mean values (SD) in controls and all migraine patients

	C (n=34)	M (n=53)
Average diary sleep time (hour)	7.3 (0.8)	7.2 (1.0)
Long awakenings in diary (no)¹	0.10 (0.18)	0.25 (0.36)*
Short awakenings in diary (no)²	0.15 (0.24)	0.31 (0.50)
Sleep latency in diary^3,4	0.40 (0.43)	0.56 (0.61)
Categorized sleep latency in diary (0 ≤ 30 min, 1 > 30 min)⁴	32, 2	37,15#
Epworth sleepiness scale (0–24)	5.6 (3.1)	6.5 (3.6)
Snoring/apnea KSQ score (0–8)	1.7 (1.6)	1.8 (1.7)
Daytime tiredness frequency (0–4)	0.68 (0.84)	1.15 (0.95)**
Insomnia KSQ score (0–16)⁵	3.4 (2.3)	6.1 (2.9)***
PSQIgs (0–21)⁶	3.8 (2.6)	6.3 (3.2)***
Pain-related sleep trouble (1–4)⁷	1.3 (0.7)	1.9 (1.0)**
Restless legs (0–1)⁸	0.1 (0.4)	0.3 (0.5)

¹Awakenings lasting more than 30 min, ²wakenings lasting less than 30 min. ³Each day was categorized as 0: <15 min, 1: 15–30 min, 2: 30–90 min, 3: > 90 min and the individual mean was computed .⁴ One sleep latency was not assessable and was excluded. ⁵Sum of four insomnia-questions in KSQ (Karolinska sleep questionnaire), ⁶ Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) global score, ⁷ Frequency of pain-related sleep problems during the last month from the PSQI questionnaire, ⁷RLS defined as a positive answer to all four obligatory symptom-criteria. # p=0.012, Fisher exact test.: *p<0.05, **p<0.005 ***, p<0.001, Mann–Whitney U-test (in comparison to controls).
Significant differences are emphasized with bold types.

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