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Table 3 Predictors of CM onset based on depression severity and SRPD-depression

From: Depression and risk of transformation of episodic to chronic migraine

Predictors

Model 3 OR (95 % CI)

Model 4 OR (95 % CI)

Age

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

Gender (female)

0.92 (0.65–1.29)

1.01 (0.70–1.46)

Income

0.85 (0.77–0.94)*

0.86 (0.77–0.96)*

BMI (linear)

0.92 (0.87–0.97)*

0.90 (0.85–0.96)*

BMI (quadratic)

1.00 (1.00–1.00)*

1.00 (1.00–1.00)*

Cutaneous allodynia

1.45 (1.11–1.91)*

1.20 (0.89–1.61)

SRPD-anxiety

1.40 (1.04–1.88)*

1.21 (0.86–1.72)

Pain intensity (≥4)

2.96 (0.94–9.27)

2.39 (0.73–7.78)

Headache frequency

 

1.29 (1.22–1.37)*

Depression: moderate versus none/mild

1.77 (1.25–2.52)*

1.37 (0.93–2.04)

Depression: moderately severe versus none/mild

2.35 (1.53–3.62)*

1.82 (1.12–2.97)*

Depression: severe versus none/mild

2.53 (1.52–4.21)*

1.81 (1.01–3.23)*

SRPD-depressiona

 

1.38 (0.98–1.93)

  1. Values are OR, 95 % CI. N = 304 (2.27 %) events out of 13,372 trials and 97.73 % non-events for both models
  2. All models adjusted for age (continuous), gender (binary, reference = male), income (linear trend in cumulative categories), BMI (continuous and quadratic), health insurance status (binary, reference = uninsured), cutaneous allodynia (binary, diagnosis defined as score >3), SRPD-anxiety (binary, with no SRPD-anxiety as reference), and average headache pain intensity [no/mild pain (scores 0–3) versus combination of moderate (scores 4–6), moderately severe (scores 7–8), and severe (scores 9–10)]. In addition, the final model was adjusted for headache days per month preceding transformation to CM
  3. Depression-PHQ-9 (categorical)
  4. * Indicate data are significant at the p < 0.05 level or below
  5. aSRPD-depression: (binary, with no SRPD-depression endorsement as reference)