Study measurea | UK (NÂ =Â 1,070) | France (NÂ =Â 1,461) | Germany (NÂ =Â 1,449) | Italy (NÂ =Â 976) | Spain (NÂ =Â 699) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CM (n = 57) | EM (n = 1013) | CM (n = 57) | EM (n = 1,404) | CM (n = 52) | EM (n = 1397) | CM (n = 55) | EM (n = 921) | CM (n = 55) | EM (n = 644) | |
Primary care physician visits (%) | 56.10 | 28.3** | 59.60 | 36.5** | 48.10 | 29.1* | 52.70 | 25.5** | 54.50 | 25.30** |
 Mean (SD)b | 2.57 (1.55) | 2.54 (3.43) | 5.10 (8.91) | 1.97 (1.64) | 5.82 (5.78) | 2.65 (2.28) | 4.14 (3.20) | 2.81 (3.33) | 4.82 (4.36) | 2.55 (2.35) |
 Min–max | 1–6 | 1–35 | 1–50 | 1–20 | 1–25 | 1–20 | 1–10 | 1–30 | 1–20 | 1–20 |
Neurologist/headache specialist visits (%) | 28.10 | 6.0** | 17.50 | 5.1** | 34.60 | 12.7** | 40.00 | 14.7** | 32.70 | 11.50** |
 Mean (SD) | 1.53 (1.06) | 1.73 (1.10) | 1.80 (1.03) | 1.46 (0.76) | 3.13 (2.58) | 1.92 (1.55) | 2.18 (1.76) | 1.83 (1.80) | 1.53 (0.87) | 1.50 (1.06) |
 Min–max | 1–5 | 1–5 | 1–4 | 1–5 | 1–10 | 1–10 | 1–8 | 1–12 | 1–4 | 1–6 |
Nurse practitioner/physician assistant visits (%) | 3.50 | 3.30 | 1.80 | 0.40 | 1.90 | 1.30 | 1.80 | 1.50 | 7.30 | 4.20 |
 Mean (SD) | 3.00 (2.83) | 3.28 (5.24) | 2.00d | 17.67 (35.49) | 5.00d | 2.47 (1.66) | 1.00d | 2.31 (1.38) | 2.75 (2.22) | 2.35 (1.50) |
 Min–max | 1–5 | 1–29 | 2–2 | 1–90 | 5–5 | 1–6 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 1–6 | 1–8 |
Other specialist visitsc (%) | 14.00 | 6.70 | 26.30 | 9.9** | 26.90 | 12.5* | 29.10 | 9.1** | 23.60 | 12.70* |
 Mean (SD) | 2.14 (1.46) | 3.83 (5.89) | 5.17 (8.95) | 1.94 (1.99) | 4.15 (3.29) | 3.58 (4.12) | 3.57 (2.65) | 2.39 (2.43) | 3.23 (2.59) | 2.75 (2.89) |
 Min–max | 1–5 | 1–30 | 1–31 | 1–18 | 1–10 | 1–21 | 1–8 | 1–12 | 1–9 | 1–16 |
Emergency room visits (%) | 12.30 | 3.5* | 1.80 | 2.10 | 3.80 | 3.90 | 5.50 | 6.40 | 27.30 | 15.50* |
 Mean (SD) | 4.14 (5.05) | 1.86 (2.17) | 1.00d | 1.50 (0.92) | 2.00 (1.41) | 1.83 (1.78) | 4.50 (2.12) | 1.72 (1.50) | 2.75 (2.01) | 2.32 (2.62) |
 Min–max | 1–15 | 1–10 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 1–3 | 1–10 | 3–6 | 1–10 | 1–7 | 1–17 |
Hospitalizations (%) | 8.80 | 1.5* | 0 | 1.40 | 3.80 | 1.60 | 3.60 | 2.40 | 3.60 | 3.60 |
 Mean LOS (SD) | 4.40 (6.27) | 2.13 (1.88) | – | 1.37 (1.12) | 3.50 (4.95) | 3.14 (3.38) | 10.00 (7.07) | 3.14 (3.03) | 6.00 (1.41) | 3.13 (6.26) |
 Min–max | 0–15 | 0–8 | – | 0–5 | 0–7 | 0–10 | 5–15 | 0–8 | 5–7 | 0–30 |
Diagnostic testinge (%) | 14.00 | 4.6* | 28.10 | 10.4** | 23.10 | 12.90 | 16.40 | 10.20 | 20.00 | 9.30* |
 Mean (SD) | 3.13 (2.90) | 3.30 (7.37) | 2.53 (1.60) | 1.54 (0.96) | 3.00 (3.16) | 2.87 (2.25) | 5.00 (4.39) | 2.61 (1.67) | 2.64 (1.75) | 2.81 (4.08) |
 Min–max | 1–10 | 1–48 | 1–6 | 1–6 | 1–11 | 1–20 | 1–15 | 1–9 | 1–6 | 1–30 |
Blood tests (%) | 12.30 | 4.0* | 17.50 | 6.8* | 21.20 | 8.6* | 12.70 | 9.10 | 20.00 | 6.40* |
 Mean (SD) | 3.57 (3.82) | 2.22 (1.90) | 2.11 (1.27) | 1.24 (0.48) | 2.11 (1.05) | 1.48 (0.81) | 2.71 (2.06) | 1.57 (1.03) | 2.09 (2.70) | 1.55 (0.83) |
 Min–max | 1–12 | 1–9 | 1–5 | 1–3 | 1–4 | 1–4 | 1–6 | 1–5 | 1–10 | 1–4 |
Botulinum toxin A injections (%) | 3.50 | 0.60 | 0 | 0.10 | 0 | 1.10 | 3.60 | 0.70 | 1.80 | 1.90 |
 Mean (SD) | 3.00d | 2.00 (2.00) | – | 2.00d | – | 2.08 (1.50) | 4.00 (1.41) | 2.00 (1.41) | 1.00d | 1.67 (1.23) |
 Min–max | 3–3 | 1–5 | – | 2–2 | – | 1–5 | 3–5 | 1–4 | 1–1 | 1–5 |
Transcutaneous nerve stimulator procedures (%) | 5.30 | 3.80 | 0 | 1.10 | 3.80 | 1.60 | 1.80 | 2.70 | 10.90 | 1.60** |
 Mean (SD) | 20.50 (27.58) | 6.87 (6.43) | – | 14.70 (12.66) | 20.00d | 7.69 (10.25) | 5.00d | 8.71 (9.13) | 3.75 (4.19) | 9.25 (10.46) |
 Min–max | 1–40 | 1–30 | – | 2–40 | 20–20 | 1–40 | 5–5 | 1–30 | 1–10 | 1–30 |
Acupuncture (%) | 7.00 | 3.50 | 8.80 | 3.80 | 11.50 | 6.90 | 5.50 | 4.10 | 12.70 | 3.70* |
 Mean (SD) | 1.00 (0.00) | 3.00 (2.36) | 7.00 (5.61) | 3.18 (2.72) | 10.80 (4.27) | 5.33 (4.11) | 3.67 (3.06) | 4.30 (3.76) | 7.60 (5.32) | 5.00 (4.86) |
 Min–max | 1–1 | 1–8 | 1–15 | 1–15 | 5–15 | 1–15 | 1–7 | 1–15 | 2–15 | 1–15 |
Occipital nerve block procedures (%) | 12.30 | 0.9** | 0 | 0.40 | 0 | 2.10 | 1.80 | 1.40 | 1.80 | 2.20 |
 Mean (SD) | 6.67 (6.62) | 5.50 (3.46) | – | 1.50 (0.71) | – | 2.45 (1.47) | 3.00d | 1.88 (0.83) | 1.00d | 4.86 (4.74) |
 Min–max | 1–15 | 1–12 | – | 1–2 | – | 1–6 | 3–3 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 1–12 |