Table 2 Characteristics of participants with chronic (CM) and episodic migraine (EM) in the UK, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain
Characteristica | UK | France | Germany | Italy | Spain | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CM (n = 57) | EM (n = 1,013) | CM (n = 57) | EM (n = 1404) | CM (n = 52) | EM (n = 1397) | CM (n = 55) | EM (n = 921) | CM (n = 56) | EM (n = 645) | |
Age, mean (SD) | 42.9 (12.7) | 44.3 (11.2) | 40.8 (11.4) | 37.8 (10.1)* | 37.9 (11.9) | 38.0 (10.8) | 34.5 (10.9) | 37.1 (10.0) | 36.2 (10.8) | 35.1 (9.0) |
Female (%) | 82.50 | 84.80 | 87.70 | 89.60 | 78.80 | 81.80 | 90.90 | 80.60 | 85.70 | 79.20 |
Race/ethnicity (%) | ||||||||||
 White/Caucasian | 98.20 | 94.70 | 93.00 | 95.70 | 92.30 | 98.50* | 96.40 | 93.70 | 62.50 | 75.30 |
 Black | 1.80 | 1.30 | 0 | 1.40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.30 | 1.80 | 0.30 |
 Asian | 0 | 1.90 | 0 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.40 | 0 | 0.30 | 0 | 0.30 |
 Hispanic or Latino/Latin American | 0 | 0.30 | 1.80 | 0.60 | 1.90 | 0.20 | 3.60 | 4.20 | 33.90 | 22.60 |
 Other/prefer not to answer | 0 | 1.90 | 5.30 | 2.10 | 5.80 | 0.90 | 0 | 1.70 | 1.80 | 1.40 |
Education (%) | ||||||||||
 Less than a high school diploma | 0 | 2.80 | 22.80 | 15.20 | 53.80 | 48.80 | 12.70 | 7.90 | 5.40 | 2.80 |
 High school graduate | 28.10 | 26.80 | 21.10 | 19.40 | 13.50 | 19.30 | 43.60 | 43.30 | 16.10 | 18.40 |
 Some college/Associates degree | 43.90 | 37.70 | 19.30 | 19.00 | 15.40 | 11.00 | 25.50 | 21.00 | 37.50 | 31.20 |
 College or professional degree | 22.80 | 26.40 | 28.10 | 41.50 | 15.40 | 18.50 | 18.20 | 27.00 | 33.90 | 45.60 |
 Other/prefer not to answer | 5.30 | 6.40 | 8.80 | 4.90 | 1.90 | 2.40 | 0 | 0.80 | 7.10 | 2.00 |
MIDAS (%) | ||||||||||
 Grade I, little disability (0–5) | 5.30 | 27.7** | 3.50 | 35.30** | 1.90 | 20.30** | 5.50 | 22.6** | 12.50 | 32.90** |
 Grade II, mild disability (6–10) | 1.80 | 21.80 | 7.00 | 22.50 | 1.90 | 19.30 | 1.80 | 19.30 | 3.60 | 17.40 |
 Grade III, moderate disability (11–20) | 5.30 | 26.50 | 10.50 | 21.70 | 5.80 | 25.80 | 7.30 | 24.50 | 12.50 | 26.00 |
 Grade IV-A, severe disability (21–40) | 14.00 | 16.70 | 15.80 | 14.80 | 13.50 | 24.10 | 9.10 | 21.60 | 14.30 | 16.90 |
 Grade IV-B, very severe disability (41–270) | 73.70 | 7.30 | 63.20 | 5.60 | 76.90 | 10.50 | 76.40 | 11.90 | 57.10 | 6.80 |
Headache intensity (%) | ||||||||||
 Mild (0–3) | 0 | 2.20 | 0 | 2.90 | 0 | 2.40 | 1.80 | 4.20* | 1.80 | 5.90* |
 Moderate (4–6) | 5.30 | 13.40 | 17.50 | 21.70 | 11.50 | 13.00 | 0 | 17.00 | 3.60 | 18.10 |
 Severe (7–9) | 57.90 | 51.30 | 56.10 | 58.20 | 48.10 | 57.30 | 60.00 | 55.60 | 55.40 | 55.20 |
 Very severe (9–10) | 36.80 | 33.10 | 26.30 | 17.20 | 40.40 | 27.30 | 38.20 | 23.10 | 39.30 | 20.80 |
Comorbidity groupsb (%) | ||||||||||
 Pain-related | 29.80 | 21.70 | 24.60 | 12.10* | 40.40 | 17.00** | 21.80 | 11.20* | 37.50 | 13.5** |
 Vascular disease risk factors | 38.60 | 29.10 | 33.30 | 24.0* | 36.50 | 27.90 | 32.70 | 28.30 | 32.10 | 27.60 |
 Vascular disease events | 7.00 | 3.50 | 0 | 1.30 | 5.80 | 3.90 | 5.50 | 3.30 | 8.90 | 2.20* |
 Psychiatric disorders | 49.10 | 31.30* | 38.60 | 26.40* | 42.30 | 22.50* | 50.90 | 33.00* | 46.40 | 30.20* |
 Other conditions | 33.30 | 32.80 | 47.40 | 33.80* | 46.20 | 30.30* | 54.50 | 42.60 | 44.60 | 39.40 |