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Table 4 Risk of ischemic stroke in women by migraine status and COCs use

From: Migraine in women: the role of hormones and their impact on vascular diseases

 

Type of contraceptive

Risk of ischemic stroke OR; 95% CI

Women with migraine using COCs vs. women without migraine not using COCs

Women with migraine not using COCs vs. women without migraine not using COCs

Women with migraine using COCs vs. women with migraine not using COCs

Women without migraine using COCs vs. women without migraine not using COCs

Collaborative Group [120]a

High dose COCs

  

5.9; 2.9–12.2

4.9; 2.9–8.3

Tzourio [125]

Progestogen only

High and low dose COCs

13.9; 5.5–35.1

3.7; 1.5–9.1

 

3.5; 1.5–8.3

Schwartz [124]

Low dose COCs

  

2.08; 1.19–3.65

0.88; 0.44–1.76

Chang [119]

High and low dose COCs

16.9; 2.72–106

2.27; 0.69–7.47

 

2.76; 1.01–7.55

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, COCs combined oral contraceptives
  2. aValues represent relative risk and 95% CI