All subjects | Women | Men | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | |
School levelb | ||||||
Graduated 12th grade | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Graduated 9th grade | 0.95 (0.86–1.06) | 0.95 (0.83–1.07) | 1.02 (0.90–1.15) | 0.97 (0.84–1.13) | 0.83 (0.68–1.03) | 0.95 (0.74–1.22) |
Not graduated 9th grade | 0.83 (0.73–0.95) | 0.81 (0.67–0.98) | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) | 0.75 (0.59–0.95) | 0.79 (0.57–1.09) |
Educational level | ||||||
Higher education >4 years | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Higher education ≤4 years | 0.78 (0.65–0.95) | 0.83 (0.66–1.04) | 0.74 (0.58–0.94) | 0.78 (0.59–1.05) | 0.79 (0.58–1.08) | 0.85 (0.59–1.23) |
Vocatinal education | 0.74 (0.61–0.88) | 0.80 (0.63–1.00) | 0.77 (0.61–0.98) | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) | 0.62 (0.47–0.83) | 0.70 (0.48–1.03) |
No education | 0.77 (0.63–0.94) | 0.82 (0.63–1.06) | 0.75 (0.58–0.97) | 0.80 (0.57–1.11) | 0.69 (0.49–0.98) | 0.72 (0.46–1.14) |
Employment status | ||||||
Employed | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Self-employed | 0.90 (0.74–1.09) | 0.90 (0.71–1.13) | 0.88 (0.66–1.17) | 0.76 (0.54–1.08) | 1.04 (0.80–1.37) | 1.08 (0.79–1.49) |
Homemakerc | 0.97 (0.75–1.25) | 0.98 (0.71–1.36) | 0.87 (0.67–1.13) | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) | – | – |
Retired | 1.33 (1.13–1.58) | 1.33 (1.05–1.68) | 1.37 (1.13–1.67) | 1.35 (1.02–1.79) | 1.17 (0.85–1.63) | 1.21 (0.78–1.86) |
Student | 1.18 (0.98–1.41) | 1.26 (1.00–1.60) | 1.15 (0.94–1.41) | 1.20 (0.91–1.57) | 1.12 (0.77–1.65) | 1.52 (0.91–2.55) |
Unemployed | 1.54 (1.14–2.06) | 1.58 (1.11–2.25) | 1.59 (1.14–2.21) | 1.62 (1.09–2.40) | 1.09 (0.55–2.16) | 1.26 (0.55–2.88) |
Physical work load | ||||||
Mainly seated | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Seated/standing or walking | 0.96 (0.87–1.08) | 1.02 (0.90–1.17) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 1.10 (0.93–1.29) | 0.86 (0.71–1.05) | 0.88 (0.69–1.13) |
Heavy physical work | 0.81 (0.66–0.98) | 0.91 (0.71–1.16) | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | 1.10 (0.79–1.54) | 0.64 (0.47–0.86) | 0.74 (0.50–1.10) |
Recreational physical activity | ||||||
No physical exercise | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Light physical exercise | 1.03 (0.92–1.17) | 1.07 (0.92–1.24) | 0.96 (0.83–1.11) | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 1.25 (0.99–1.59) | 1.28 (0.97–1.70) |
Heavy physical exercise | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 1.01 (0.84–1.23) | 1.02 (0.85–1.24) | 1.03 (0.82–1.31) | 1.12 (0.85–1.47) | 1.09 (0.78–1.52) |
BMI | ||||||
Underweight | 1.02 (0.78–1.33) | 1.23 (0.88–1.71) | 0.93 (0.70–1.24) | 1.12 (0.79–1.59) | 1.51 (0.56–4.09) | 2.30 (0.76–7.01) |
Normal weight | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Overweight | 0.90 (0.81–1.01) | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.93 (0.82–1.07) | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 0.94 (0.75–1.18) |
Obese class I–III | 0.89 (0.76–1.06) | 0.89 (0.72–1.10) | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) | 0.89 (0.69–1.15) | 0.84 (0.61–1.14) | 0.95 (0.65–1.39) |
Smoking status | ||||||
Non-smoker | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Former smoker | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) | 1.03 (0.90–1.19) | 1.03 (0.90–1.19) | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 1.05 (0.84–1.31) | 1.14 (0.87–1.50) |
Current smoker | 1.04 (0.93–1.15) | 1.01 (0.88–1.15) | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 1.02 (0.84–1.25) | 1.09 (0.85–1.38) |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Never/seldom | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Monthly | 0.83 (0.73–0.94) | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) | 0.92 (0.76–1.10) | 0.81 (0.60–1.08) | 0.77 (0.53–1.11) |
Weekly | 0.85 (0.76–0.94) | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) | 0.89 (0.78–1.00) | 0.86 (0.73–1.02) | 0.93 (0.74–1.18) | 0.99 (0.73–1.34) |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Marriedd | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 0.94 (0.83–1.05) | 1.02 (0.87–1.20) | 0.99 (0.82–1.19) | 1.02 (0.79–1.30) |