Associations between sleep disturbance and primary headaches: the third Nord-Trøndelag Health Study

Table 4 Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI for ESS ≥ 10 and KSQ ≥ 75 percentile related headache frequency

Questionnaire	P	OR	95% CI
Questionnaire	P	OR	Lower	Higher
ESS ≥ 10
All headache groups
No headache (n = 76)		1.0	Ref
<7 headache days/month (n = 178)	0.2	1.8	0.7	4.5
7–14 headache days/month (n = 19)	0.09	3.6	0.8	15.2
>14 headache days/month (n = 22)	0.3	2.1	0.5	9.3
P for trend	0.4
KSQ ≥ 75 percentile
All headache groups
No headache (n = 76)		1.0	Ref
<7 headache days/month (n = 179)	0.02	2.7	1.2	5.9
7–14 headache days/month (n = 19)	0.006	5.6	1.6	19.2
>14 headache days/month (n = 22)	<0.001	17.4	5.1	59.8
P for trend	<0.001
TTH
No headache (n = 76)		1.00	Ref
<7 headache days/month (n = 115)	0.01	2.9	1.3	6.8
7–14 (headache days/month (n = 9)	0.3	2.8	0.5	17.0
>14 headache days/month (n = 11)	<0.001	18.3	3.6	93.0
P for trend	<0.001
Migraine
No headache (n = 76)		1.00	Ref
<7 headache days/month (n = 38)	0.06	3.4	0.9	12.0
7–14 headache days/month (n = 9)	0.002	18.6	2.8	121.6
>14 headache days/month (n = 4)	0.004	38.9	3.1	485.3
P for trend	<0.001

Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and sleep-promoting medication
Mean KSQ score with 95% CI in headache-free individuals, subjects with tension-type headache, migraine, MOH, and “other headaches” (probable TTH (n = 8), probable migraine (n = 5), hangover-headache (n = 6), headache attributed to systemic viral infection (n = 4), rhinosinusitis (n = 2), cerviogenic headache (n = 1), caffeine-withdrawal headache (n = 1), persistent idiopathic facial pain (n = 1), and primary exertional headache (n = 1)

ISSN: 1129-2377