Associations between sleep disturbance and primary headaches: the third Nord-Trøndelag Health Study

Table 2 The prevalence (%) of subjects with a score of ≥3 in each KSQ question by headache diagnoses (unadjusted univariate analyses)

KSQ items	No headache (n = 76)	Definite TTH (n = 135)	Definite Migraine (n = 51)	Other headaches^a (n = 34)
Snoring (%)	22.4	24.4	23.5	38.3
Apnea (%)	3.9	3.7	3.9	3.7
Snoring and/or apnea^b (%)	26.3	28.7	27.4	42
Difficulty initiating sleep (%)	5.2	20.7**	21.6**	16.5*
Difficulty maintaining sleep (%)	27.3	47.4**	31.4	38.4
Wake up too early (%)	13.0	11.8	11.8	12.8
Insomnia^c (%)	45.5	79.9**	64.8	67.7*
Sleepy at daytime (%)	11.7	21.5	35.3**	21.9
Very sleepy when waking up (%)	5.2	14.1*	31.3***	5.8
Daytime sleepiness^d (%)	16.9	35.6**	66.6***	27.7
Troublesome sweating at night (%)	1.3	5.2	5.9	5.8*
Morning headache (%)	1.3	5.1	11.8*	5.8
Restless legs (%)	9.1	17.1	19.6	15.1
After dinner nap (%)	49.4	31.9*	29.4*	38.2

Compared with headache-free * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 *** P < 0.001
^aProbable tension-type headache (TTH) (n = 8), probable migraine (n = 5), medication overuse headache (MOH) (n = 5), hangover-headache (n = 6), headache attributed to systemic viral infection (n = 4), rhinosinusitis (n = 2), cerviogenic headache (n = 1), caffeine-withdrawal headache (n = 1), persistent idiopathic facial pain (n = 1), and primary exertional headache (n = 1)
^bSnoring and/or apnea
^cDifficulty initiating sleep and/or maintaining sleep and/or waking up too early
^dSleepy at daytime and/or very sleepy when waking up

ISSN: 1129-2377