Table 3 Prevalence and odds ratios (OR) of insomnia symptoms for headache occurrence, diagnosis and frequency, as compared with no headache
From: Relationship between insomnia and headache in community-based middle-aged Hong Kong Chinese women
Difficulty falling asleep | Difficulty staying asleep | Problem waking up too early | ISI score ≥ 8 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | ORa (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | N | % | ORa (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | N | % | ORa (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | N | % | ORa (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | |
Headache-free (N = 214) | 41 | 20.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 43 | 21.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 45 | 22.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 62 | 30.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
All headaches (N = 96) | 32 | 33.7 | 2.0* (1.2–3.5) | 1.4 (0.8–2.7) | 39 | 41.1 | 2.5** (1.5–4.4) | 1.7 (0.9–3.1) | 41 | 43.6 | 2.7** (1.6–4.6) | 1.8 (1.0–3.4) | 53 | 57.0 | 3.0** (1.8–5.0) | 2.2* (1.2–4.0) |
Migraine (N = 26) | 9 | 34.6 | 2.1 (0.8–5.1) | 1.4 (0.5–4.0) | 10 | 38.5 | 2.2 (0.9–5.3) | 1.4 (0.5–3.9) | 10 | 40.0 | 2.2 (0.9–5.4) | 1.5 (0.5–4.0) | 16 | 64.0 | 3.9** (1.6–9.4) | 3.2* (1.2–8.6) |
Tension–type headache (N = 48) | 17 | 35.4 | 2.2* (1.1–4.4) | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) | 20 | 41.7 | 2.6** (1.3–5.1) | 1.6 (0.7–3.4) | 23 | 47.9 | 3.2** (1.6–6.2) | 2.0 (0.9–4.5) | 28 | 59.6 | 3.3** (1.7–6.4) | 2.3* (1.1–5.0) |
Headache unspecified (N = 22) | 6 | 28.6 | 1.7 (0.6–4.5) | 1.1 (0.3–3.6) | 9 | 42.9 | 2.9* (1.1–7.3) | 2.2 (0.7–6.7) | 8 | 38.1 | 2.2 (0.9–5.7) | 1.6 (0.5–5.0) | 9 | 42.9 | 1.7 (0.7–4.3) | 1.2 (0.4–3.6) |
Headache at least one a week (N = 22) | 11 | 50.0 | 3.6** (1.5–9.0) | 2.1 (0.7–6.0) | 12 | 54.5 | 3.9** (1.5–9.9) | 1.7 (0.6–5.0) | 12 | 54.5 | 3.7** (1.5–9.3) | 1.4 (0.5–4.4) | 17 | 77.3 | 7.4** (2.6–21.2) | 4.0* (1.2–13.2) |
Headache less than one a week (N = 62) | 18 | 29.0 | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | 23 | 37.1 | 2.2* (1.2–4.1) | 1.7 (0.8–3.4) | 26 | 42.6 | 2.7** (1.4–5.0) | 2.2* (1.1–4.5) | 31 | 51.7 | 2.4** (1.3–4.4) | 2.0* (1.0–4.0) |