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Table 2 Clinical variables by headache occurrence, diagnoses and frequency

From: Relationship between insomnia and headache in community-based middle-aged Hong Kong Chinese women

 

Total (N = 310)

Headache occurrence and diagnoses

Headache frequency

Migraine (N = 26)

Tension-type headache (N = 48)

Headache unspecified (N = 22)

All headaches (N = 96)

Without headache (N = 214)

Chi square/t valuea

At least one per week (N = 22)

Less than one per week (N = 62)

Chi square/t value

Insomnia symptomsb

 Difficulty falling asleep (N, %) (N = 299)c

73 (24.4)

9 (34.6)

17 (35.4)

6 (28.6)

32 (33.7)

41 (20.1)

6.5*

11 (50.0)

18 (29.0)

3.2

 Difficulty staying asleep (N, %) (N = 293)c

82 (28.0)

10 (38.5)

20 (41.7)

9 (42.9)

39 (41.1)

43 (21.7)

11.9**

12 (54.5)

23 (37.1)

2.0

 Problem waking up too early (N, %) (N = 293)c

86 (29.4)

10 (40.0)

23 (47.9)

8 (38.1)

41 (43.6)

45 (22.6)

13.6**

12 (54.5)

26 (42.6)

0.9

DSM-IV insomnia disorderd (N, %) (N = 297)c

29 (9.8)

4 (16.0)

10 (21.7)

4 (20.0)

18 (19.8)

11 (5.3)

14.9**

5 (23.8)

10 (16.9)

0.5

ISI total score, mean (SD, range) (N = 282)c

7.1 (5.5, 0–25)

9.2 (4.6, 1–20)

10.0 (6.5, 0–25)

7.8 (6.6, 0–25)

9.3 (6.1, 0–25)

6.0 (4.8, 0–23)

4.8**

12.1 (6.1)

8.7 (5.8)

2.3*

Frequent snoringe (N, %) (N = 225)c

31 (13.8)

4 (25.0)

8 (25.0)

2 (10.5)

14 (20.9)

17 (10.8)

4.1

6 (33.3)

8 (19.5)

1.3

HADS

 Anxiety subscore, mean (SD, range) (N = 306)c

5.6 (3.5, 0–20)

7.1 (3.6, 0–17)

7.3 (4.3, 0–20)

6.0 (3.9, 0–13)

7.0 (4.0, 0–20)

5.0 (3.1, 0–13)

4.7**

9.7 (4.5)

6.2 (3.5)

3.7**

 Depression subscore, mean (SD, range) (N = 301)c

4.6 (3.2, 0–19)

5.6 (3.0, 0–11)

6.0 (3.8, 1–19)

4.5 (3.7, 0–13)

5.5 (3.6, 0–19)

4.1 (3.0, 0–13)

3.6**

6.7 (4.0)

5.4 (3.6)

1.4

Sheehan Disability Scale

 Work subscore, mean (SD, range) (N = 282)c

0.7 (0.8, 0–4)

1.3 (0.9, 0–3)

1.0 (0.8, 0–3)

0.9 (1.0, 0–3)

1.0 (0.9, 0–3)

0.6 (0.7, 0–4)

4.3**

1.5 (0.9)

1.0 (0.9)

2.2*

 Social life subscore, mean (SD, range) (N = 286)c

0.7 (0.8, 0–4)

1.3 (0.9, 0–3)

1.0 (0.8, 0–3)

0.8 (0.7, 0–2)

1.0 (0.8, 0–3)

0.6 (0.8, 0–4)

4.7**

1.5 (0.7)

1.0 (0.8)

2.2*

 Family life subscore, mean (SD, range) (N = 285)c

0.8 (0.8, 0–4)

1.5 (0.9, 0–3)

1.1 (0.9, 0–3)

0.9 (0.7, 0–2)

1.2 (0.9, 0–3)

0.6 (0.7, 0–4)

5.5**

1.8 (0.8)

1.0 (0.8)

3.3**

  1. HADS hospital anxiety and depression scale, ISI insomnia severity index
  2. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01
  3. aComparing subjects with and without headaches by chi-square or unpaired t test
  4. bModerate, severe or very
  5. cDifference from total N reflects omissions on reporting forms
  6. dSelf-report of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or non-restorative sleep that caused significant distress or impairment in functioning and occurred ≥3 times/week in the past month
  7. eSelf-report of snoring ≥3 times/week
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The Journal of Headache and Pain

ISSN: 1129-2377

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