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Table 4 Mean effect sizes (Cohen’s d) for the three headache parameters recorded by parents and children for the 2 treatment conditions

From: MIPAS-Family—evaluation of a new multi-modal behavioral training program for pediatric headaches: clinical effects and the impact on quality of life

Parameters

Effect sizes d

Pre–Post 1–6 months

Pre–Post 2–12 months

MIPAS

Biofeedback

MIPAS

Biofeedback

Parents

 Duration

0.63 medium

0.11 insignificant

0.70 medium

0.39 small

 Frequency

0.59 medium

1.42 large

1.20 large

0.67 large

 Intensity

0.40 small

0.14 insignificant

0.56 large

0.54 large

 N

19

16

17

12

Children

 Duration

0.52 medium

0.05 insignificant

0.04 insignificant

0.16 insignificant

 Frequency

0.88 large

0.49 small

1.12 large

0.51 large

 Intensity

0.16 insignificant

1.25 large

0.38 small

0.97 large

 N

19

15

16

12

  1. Effect sizes ranging from 0.20 to 0.50 are considered small, 0.50–0.80 medium, and 0.80 and above large