From: Trigger factors in childhood migraine: a clinic-based study from Eastern India
Trigger | n | % |
---|---|---|
A. Environmental/climatic | ||
1. Sunlight | 188 | 94 |
2. Hot and humid climate | 188 | 94 |
3. Cold (air conditioner) | 2 | 0.5 |
4. Noise | ||
(a) Environmental | 156 | 78 |
(b) Loud speakers/loud music | 134 | 67 |
5. Smoke | ||
(a) Auto emission | 83 | 41 |
(b) Cigarettes | 7 | 3.5 |
6. Crowded place | 156 | 78 |
B. Visual stimuli | ||
1. School book reading | 105 | 52.5 |
2. Recreational reading | 11 | 5.5 |
3. Bright light (other than sun) | 58 | 29 |
4. TV watching | 17 | 8.5 |
C. Stresses | ||
1. School stress | 157 | 78.5 |
2. Extracurricular activity related | 37 | 18.5 |
3. Family stress | 29 | 14.5 |
4. Bereavement | 2 | 1 |
D. Physical exercise | 27 | 13.5 |
E. Dietary | ||
1. Missing meals | 63 | 31.5 |
2. Religious fasting* | 11 | 13.4 |
3. Dark chocolate | 3 | 1.5 |
4. Pizza | 2 | 1 |
5. Chinese food | 7 | 3.5 |
6. Caffeinated drinks | 0 | 0 |
F. Car/bus journeys (other than school) | 33 | 16.5 |
G. Behavioral | ||
1. Shouting | 29 | 14.5 |
2. Being scolded | 13 | 6.5 |
H. Hormonal | ||
1. Menstruation* | 3 | 3.7 |
I. Others | ||
(Perfumes, head trauma, GI upset) | 9 | 4.5 |
J No trigger | 12 | 12 |