Skip to main content

Table 1 rTMS and tDCS studies in migraine and in controls (including functional deafferentation models: [60, 73])

From: Cortical inhibition and habituation to evoked potentials: relevance for pathophysiology of migraine

Authors

Subjects

Cortex

Methods

Outcome

Results

Bohotin et al. [37]

Controls

MO, MA

Striate

1, 10 Hz rTMS

VEPs habituation

Effects of 1Hz and 10 Hz on

VEPs habituation

Normalization of VEPs habituation in migraine with 10 Hz rTMS

Impairment of VEPs habituation in controls with 1 Hz rTMS

Brighina et al. [38]

Controls

MA

Striate

1 Hz rTMS

PT

Effects of 1 Hz rTMS on PT

↑ PT in controls

↓ PT in MA patients

Fierro et al. [39]

Controls

MA

Extra-striate

1 Hz rTMS

Kaniza’s figures

Effects of 1 Hz rTMS on RT to perceptual contours perception

↑ RTs in controls

↓ RTs in MA patients

Brighina et al. [46]

Controls

MA

Motor

pp-TMS (2, 10 ms ISI)

1 Hz rTMS

SICI, ICF

Effects of 1 Hz rTMS on SICI and ICF

↓SICI in MA

↓ICF in controls,↑ ICF in MA after 1 Hz rTMS

No effects on SICI after 1 Hz rTMS

Fierro et al. [60]

Controls

Striate

Light deprivation (LD)

1, 10 Hz rTMS

PT

Visual cortical excitability (PT) changes in LD with and without rTMS (1Hz and 10 Hz)

PT recovery time after ligh re-exposure (PTR)

LD increases visual cortex excitability

LD + 1 Hz rTMS: ↑PTR

LD + 10 Hz rTMS: ↓PTR

Fumal et al. [74]

Controls

MO, MA

Striate

1, 10 Hz rTMS (5 days)

VEPs habituation

Long-term effects of 1Hz and 10 Hz on VEPs habituation

10 Hz rTMS: long lasting normalization of VEPs habituation in MO, MA

1 Hz rTMS: long lasting impairment of VEPs habituation in controls

Chadaide et al. [50]

Controls

MO, MA

Striate

Cathodal, anodal tDCS PT

Effects of cathodal, anodal tDCS on PT

Anodal tDCS ↓ PT in MA more than in controls

catodal tDCS ↑ PT in controls, no effect in MA, MO

Bolla et al. [41]

Controls

MO

Striate

9 Hz rTMS VEPs habituation

LTP/LTD effects on VEPs

LTD (↓VEPs amplitude) and ↓VEPs habituation in controls

No effects in MO patients

Antal et al. [71]

Controls

MA

Motor

Cathodal, anodal tDCS 5 Hz rTMS

Homeostatic plasticity: effects of tDCS on rTMS modulation

Anodal tDCS: no homeostatic effects (no MEP changes) in MA

catodal tDCS: homeostatic effect in MA and controls

Palermo et al. [73]

Controls

Striate

Light deprivation (LD)

1, 10 Hz rTMS

VEPs habituation

Effects of LD with/without rTMS on VEPs habituation

LD impairs VEPs habituation

LD + 1 Hz impairs VEPs habituation

LD + 10 Hz restores VEPs habituation

  1. See text for details
  2. MA migraine with aura, MO migraine without aura, VEPs visual evoked potentials, rTMS repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, PT phosphene threshold, RT reaction time, ISI inter-stimulus interval, SICI short lasting intracortical inhibition, ICF intracortical facilitation, LTP long-term potentiation, LTD long-term depression, tDCS transcranial direct current stimulation