Frequency and predictors of headache in the first 12 months after traumatic brain injury: results from CENTER-TBI

Howe, Emilie Isager; Andelic, Nada; Brunborg, Cathrine; Zeldovich, Marina; Helseth, Eirik; Skandsen, Toril; Olsen, Alexander; Fure, Silje C. R.; Theadom, Alice; Rauen, Katrin; Madsen, Benedikte Å.; Jacobs, Bram; van der Naalt, Joukje; Tartaglia, Maria Carmela; Einarsen, Cathrine Elisabeth; Storvig, Gøril; Tronvik, Erling; Tverdal, Cathrine; von Steinbüchel, Nicole; Røe, Cecilie; Hellstrøm, Torgeir

doi:10.1186/s10194-024-01751-0

The Journal of Headache and Pain

Table 4 Predictors of change in headache in the first 12 months post injury (ADM and ICU)

From: Frequency and predictors of headache in the first 12 months after traumatic brain injury: results from CENTER-TBI

	Model 3 (RPQ cutoff ≥ 2)			Model 4 (RPQ cutoff ≥ 3)
	Coef	95% CI	p-value	Coef	95% CI	p-value
Intercept	0.50	-0.08 to 1.08	0.092	-1.40***	-1.99 to -0.80	< 0.001
Time	-0.14***	-0.23 to -0.06	< 0.001	-0.08	-0.17 to 0.007	0.070
Patient stratum
ADM	Ref			Ref
ICU	-0.10	-0.47 to 0.25	0.560	-0.11	-0.50 to 0.27	0.574
Age, y	-0.01***	-0.02 to -0.009	< 0.001	-0.01**	-0.01 to -0.004	0.002
Sex (f = 0, m = 1)	-0.49**	-0.77 to -0.21	0.001	-0.39**	-0.67 to -0.10	0.008
Preinjury ASA-PS
Healthy	Ref			Ref
Mild disease	0.19	-0.12 to 0.51	0.236	0.03	-0.30 to 0.37	0.838
Severe disease	-0.12	-0.63 to 0.39	0.640	-0.22	-0.78 to 0.33	0.433
Pre-injury psychiatric	-0.21	-0.62 to 0.19	0.299	0.42*	0.01 to 0.83	0.043
Pre-injury migraine	0.31	-0.22 to 0.85	0.193	0.33	-0.24 to 0.91	0.257
GCS (3–15)	-0.13	-0.36 to 0.10	0.282	-0.10	-0.36 to 0.15	0.416
CT head intracranial injury	0.02	-0.26 to 0.31	0.868	0.13	-0.16 to 0.43	0.386
Brain Injury AIS (≥ 3)	0.93***	0.58 to 1.28	< 0.001	0.90***	0.53 to 1.28	< 0.001
ISS	-0.04***	-0.06 to -0.03	< 0.001	-0.04***	-0.05 to -0.02	< 0.001
Feeling depressed at baseline	0.57**	0.19 to 0.96	0.003	0.78**	0.22 to 1.35	0.006
Sleep disturbance at baseline	0.28	-0.09 to 0.66	0.133	0.83***	0.43 to 1.24	< 0.001
Fatigue at baseline	0.59***	0.31 to 0.87	< 0.001	0.76***	0.40 to 1.12	< 0.001
Neck pain	1.03***	0.74 to 1.32	< 0.001	0.85***	0.53 to 1.18	< 0.001
Vision problems	0.45**	0.12 to 0.77	0.006	0.44*	0.10 to 0.78	0.011
Mobility problems	-0.15	-0.49 to 0.18	0.363	0.03	-0.30 to 0.37	0.850
Time x Predictors
Time x ICU	0.06*	0.01 to 0.11	0.013	0.05	-0.001 to 0.11	0.055
Time x Age	-0.001**	-0.002 to -0.0006	0.002	-0.002**	-0.003 to -0.0008	0.001
Time x Sex	-0.02	-0.06 to 0.01	0.240	-0.03	-0.08 to 0.006	0.092
Time x Pre-injury ASA-PS
Time x Mild disease	0.01	-0.03 to 0.05	0.628	0.01	-0.03 to 0.07	0.507
Time x Severe disease	0.06	0.007 to 0.13	0.081	0.01	-0.07 to 0.10	0.747
Time x Preinjury psychiatric	0.04	-0.01 to 0.09	0.157	0.001	-0.06 to 0.06	0.963
Time x Migraine	-0.02	-0.09 to 0.04	0.488	-0.03	-0.11 to 0.04	0.433
Time x GCS	-0.01	0.04 to 0.01	0.278	-0.01	-0.05 to 0.01	0.344
Time x CT head intracranial injury	0.02	-0.02 to 0.06	0.310	0.02	-0.02 to 0.07	0.257
Time x Brain Injury AIS	-0.04	0.09 to 0.007	0.090	-0.04	-0.11 to 0.01	0.137
Time x ISS	0.003**	0.001 to 0.005	0.001	0.003**	0.001 to 0.005	0.001
Time x Feeling depressed	-0.03	-0.08 to 0.02	0.233	-0.05	-0.15 to 0.03	0.248
Time x Sleep disturbance	0.03	-0.01 to 0.07	0.183	-0.04	-0.11 to 0.02	0.192
Time x Fatigue	-0.03	-0.08 to 0.01	0.121	-0.07**	-0.13 to -0.02	0.004
Time x Neck pain	0.04*	0.005 to 0.09	0.025	0.00***	0.04 to 0.13	< 0.001
Time x Vision	0.01	-0.03 to 0.05	0.615	0.01	-0.04 to 0.06	0.703
Time x Mobility	0.06**	0.02 to 0.11	0.002	0.04	-0.004 to 0.09	0.076

12-month follow-up ADM and ICU strata Model 3: Headache cutoff ≥ 2, Model 4: Headache ≥ 3
Abbreviations: ADM Admission stratum (hospital ward), ICU Intensive care unit stratum, ASA-PS American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System score, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, CT Computed tomography, AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale, ISS Injury Severity Score
^*= p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001

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ISSN: 1129-2377

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