Table 3 Predictors of change in headache in the first 6 months after injury (all strata)

Intercept

1.13***

0.61 to 1.65

 < 0.001

-0.83**

-1.35 to -0.31

0.002

Time

-0.38***

-0.51 to -0.25

 < 0.001

-0.21**

-0.35 to -0.07

0.002

Patient stratum

 ER

Ref

Ref

 ADM

-0.16

-0.49 to 0.16

0.331

-0.12

-0.47 to 0.22

0.478

 ICU

-0.18

-0.69 to 0.31

0.464

-0.24

-0.77 to 0.28

0.358

Age, y

-0.01***

-0.02 to -0.01

 < 0.001

-0.01***

-0.02 to -0.01

 < 0.001

Sex (f = 0, m = 1)

-0.55***

-0.80 to -0.29

 < 0.001

-0.52***

-0.77 to -0.26

 < 0.001

Preinjury ASA-PS

 Healthy

Ref

Ref

 Mild disease

0.18

-0.10 to 0.47

0.219

0.14

-0.14 to 0.44

0.325

 Severe disease

-0.45*

-0.90 to 0.003

0.052

-0.12

-0.60 to 0.36

0.621

 Pre-injury psychiatric

-0.05

-0.42 to 0.30

0.750

0.49**

0.13 to 0.85

0.007

 Pre-injury migraine

0.27

-0.15 to 0.70

0.202

0.35

-0.17 to 0.88

0.180

 GCS (3–15)

-0.16

-0.43 to 0.11

0.249

-0.04

-0.34 to 0.25

0.772

 CT head intracranial injury

0.07

-0.22 to 0.37

0.614

0.17

-0.11 to 0.46

0.243

 Brain Injury AIS (≥ 3)

1.01***

0.67 to 1.36

 < 0.001

0.95***

0.59 to 1.30

 < 0.001

 ISS

-0.04***

-0.06 to -0.03

 < 0.001

-0.04***

-0.06 to -0.02

 < 0.001

 Feeling depressed at baseline (≥ 3)

0.63***

0.30 to 0.96

 < 0.001

0.53*

0.07 to 0.99

0.023

 Sleep disturbance at baseline (≥ 3)

0.31*

0.01 to 0.61

0.037

0.84***

0.48 to 1.20

 < 0.001

 Fatigue at baseline (≥ 3)

0.73***

0.47 to 0.99

 < 0.001

0.99***

0.68 to 1.29

 < 0.001

 Neck pain

0.89***

0.62 to 1.17

 < 0.001

0.79***

0.50 to 1.09

 < 0.001

 Vision problems

0.37*

0.04 to 0.69

0.026

0.48**

0.15 to 0.82

0.005

 Mobility problems

-0.18

-0.53 to 0.17

0.308

-0.14

-0.48 to 0.19

0.403

 Time x Predictors

Time x ICU

0.08

-0.03 to 0.20

0.181

0.10

-0.03 to 0.24

0.150

 Time x Age

-0.001

-0.002 to 0.0005

0.178

-0.01

-0.003 to 0.0007

0.230

 Time x Sex

-0.02

-0.08 to 0.03

0.486

0.01

-0.05 to 0.07

0.837

Time x Pre-injury ASA-PS

 Time x Mild disease

0.03

-0.03 to 0.10

0.354

0.01

-0.06 to 0.09

0.709

 Time x Severe disease

0.21***

0.10 to 0.33

 < 0.001

0.06

-0.06 to 0.19

0.313

 Time x Pre-injury psychiatric

0.08*

-0.0002 to 0.17

0.051

-0.02

-0.11 to 0.07

0.662

 Time x Pre-injury migraine

0.02

-0.07 to 0.11

0.663

0.01

-0.11 to 0.12

0.946

 Time x GCS

0.0003

-0.06 to 0.06

0.991

-0.03

-0.10 to 0.02

0.265

 Time x CT head intracranial injury

0.03

-0.04 to 0.10

0.407

0.01

-0.06 to 0.09

0.737

 Time x Brain Injury AIS

-0.10*

-0.19 to -0.01

0.019

-0.10*

-0.20 to -0.01

0.043

 Time x ISS

0.005**

0.001 to 0.009

0.003

0.01*

0.0007 to 0.008

0.019

 Time x Feeling depressed

-0.04

-0.12 to 0.03

0.305

0.02

-0.09 to 0.15

0.659

 Time x Sleep disturbance

0.02

-0.05 to 0.10

0.529

-0.9

-0.19 to 0.008

0.071

 Time x Fatigue

-0.12**

-0.20 to -0.04

0.002

-0.16***

-0.25 to -0.08

 < 0.001

 Time x Neck pain

0.12**

0.05 to 0.19

0.001

0.15***

0.08 to 0.23

 < 0.001

 Time x Vision

0.09*

0.01 to 0.16

0.016

0.05

-0.03 to 0.13

0.216

 Time x Mobility

0.07

-0.004 to 0.15

0.065

0.11**

0.02 to 0.19

0.009