Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics and serum kynurenine pathways metabolites levels in the study groups

Gender (M, %)

27 (77.1)

19 (90.5)

1.59

0.19

Age (years; mean ± SD)

44.8 ± 7.64

44,4 ± 7.60

278

0.13

Chronic cluster headache (n, %)

--

6 (28.6 %)

--

Mean daily frequency of attacks (mean ± SD)

--

2.05 ± 0.86

--

Trp (μg/ml) (mean ± SD)

5.50 ± 1.71

6.50 ± 1.60

233

0.01

KYN (μg/ml) (mean ± SD)

0.36 ± 0.15

0.23 ± 0.11

165.5

<0.01

KYNA (ng/ml) (mean ± SD)

3.15 ± 1.39

2.09 ± 1.49

189

0.03

ANA (ng/ml) (mean ± SD)

1.85 ± 1.57

2.85 ± 1.37

199

<0.01

3-HK (ng/ml) (mean ± SD)

2.16 ± 1.58

1.05 ± 0.84

217

0.01

3-HANA (ng/ml) (mean ± SD)

9.76 ± 4.38

4.50 ± 1.52

67.5

<0. 01

QUINA (ng/ml) (mean ± SD)

16.3 ± 10.1

9.28 ± 2.28

115

<0.01

5-HIAA (ng/ml) (mean ± SD)

33.4 ± 13.7

20.5 ± 8.36

156.5

<0.01

XA (ng/ml) (mean ± SD)

1.77 ± 0.95

1.32 ± 1.53

148

0.02